Argiope barroisi Schulgin, 1885, synonym of Argyrotheca cuneata (Risso, 1826)
by Christian C. Emig [*]
Recently, the validity of Argiope barroisi quoted under Megathiris became questionable in the Brachiopoda database. This species was described by Schulgin (1885) in a study, generally missed in references of almost all authors. Even in the Treatise, his reference appears only in the volume 1 (1997) in the part anatomy. In Villafranca (Sicily), Schulgin (1885) recorded this species (Fig. 1) rather common in meadows, fixed on the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, occasionally on stones, depth until 30 m, and together with another brachiopod species he described under Argiope kowalevskii, today a synonym of Joania cordata. In a study just issued, Albano & Stockinger (2019) describe the distribution of Joania cordata and Argyrotheca cuneata (Fig. 2) in a Posidonia meadow at Plakias (Crete, Greece): the first species represents around 65% of living brachiopod individuals. Most living specimens were attached with their pedicle to any hard substrate available such as rhizome fragments, coralline algae, sessile foraminifera, bryozoan colonies, and empty gastropod shells. Previously occurrences in such Mediterranean meadows had already been reported, i.e., by Eugene (1978), Taddei Ruggiero (1985), Evangelisti et al. (2011, 2012, 2014) and of course by Schulgin (1885). All authors also mention the occurrence of some valves of Megathiris detruncata and Novocrania anomala.
According to Schulgin’s (1885) description and his Plate VIII (Fig. 1) when compared to recent surveys on brachiopods in Posidonia meadows, Argiope barroisi should be considered as a synonym of Argyrotheca cuneata. From this later author, the single specimen referred to A. cuneata (Fig. 1) had larger size than A. barrosi that explain de differences and variations in shell shape and outline: from many of the studies quoted in References (below), the shell of A. cuneata shows rather large variations which have often be used to distinguish various related species - see Bitner (1990) for A. cuneata, Alvarez et al. (2008) for J. cordata. This remark may apply on many if not all brachiopod shells and consequently the shell outline should not be used to identify species at least within a genus. References on Argyrotheca cuneata from the Mediterranean Sea [1]Albano [2] P.G. & M. Stockinger, 2019. The rhizome layer of Posidonia oceanica: an important habitat for Mediterranean brachiopods. Marine Biodiversity, 49 (5), 2467-2472. Álvarez F., Brunton C.H.C. & Long S. L., 2008. Loop ultrastructure and development in Recent Megathyridoidea, with description of a new genus, Joania (type species Terebratula cordata Risso, 1826). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 98, 391-403. Álvarez F. & C. C. Emig, 2005. Filo Brachiopoda. In: Fauna Ibérica, vol. 27. Museo de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC Madrid, p. 55-177 & 186-205 & 224-236. Asgaard U. & R. G. Bromley, 1991. Colonization by micromorph brachiopods in the shallow subtidal of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. In: Brachiopods through time, MacKinnon D. I., Lee D. E. & J. D. Campbell (Eds), Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 261-264. Balduzzi A. & C. C. Emig, 1995. Lophophorata. In: Check list delle specie della fauna italiana, Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (Eds). Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 108, 10-23 Ballesteros E., 1998. Addicions a la fauna d'invertebrats bentonics marins de l'Arxipelag de Cabrera (Illes Balears, Mediterrania Occidental). Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears, 41, 41-48. Benigni C., 1987. Shell microstructure of Mediterranean terebratulid from Pliocene to recent and its diagnostic significance. Boll. Mus. reg. Sci. nat., Torino, 5 (1), 1-26. Benigni C. & C. Corselli, 1981. Chiave ai generi attuali mediterranei del phylum Brachiopoda e loro ecologia. Boll. malacol. 17 (3-4), 51-59. Bertolaso L., Borghi E. & D. García Ramos, 2008. Brachiopodi Neogenici e Pleistocenici dell`Emilia (Parte seconda). Parva Naturalia, Piacenza, 8, 3-42. Bitner M. A., 1990. Middle Miocene (Badenian) brachiopods from the Roztocze Hills, south-eastern Poland. Acta geol. polon., 40 (3-4), 129-157. Bitner M. A. & A. Dulai, 2004. Revision of Miocene brachiopods of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, with special regard to the Meznerics collection. Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 22, 69-82. Bitner M. A., Zágorsek K. & S. Hladilovác, 2013. Deep-water brachiopod assemblage from the Middle Miocene of Kralice nad Oslavou, Moravia, southeastern Czech Republic. C. R. Palevol, 12, 81-89. Borghi E., 2001. Osservazioni sui brachiopodi neogenici e pleistocenici dell'Emilia. Parva Naturalia, Piacenza, p. 45-81. Bourcier M., 1988. Macrobenthos de substrat meuble circalittoral autour de l'ile de Port-Cros (Méditerranée, France). Sci. Rep. Port-Cros Nat. Park, Fr., 14, 41-63. Brand U., Logan A., Hiller N. & J. Richardson, 2003. Geochemistry of modern brachiopods: applications and implications for oceanography and paleoceanography. Chemical Geology, 198, 305-334. Brunton C. H. C., 1989. Some brachiopods from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Isr. J. Zool., 35, 151-169. Carus J. V., 1893. Prodromus faunae mediterraneae, sive Descriptio animalium maris Mediterranei incolarum, quam comparata silva rerum quatenus innotuit, adiectis locis et nominibus vulgaribus eorumque auctoribus, incommodum zoologorum. Schweizerbartsche Verlag, Stuttgart, vol. 2, 854 p. [Brachiopoda_: p. 54-61] Çinar M. E., 2014. Checklist of the phyla Platyhelminthes, Xenacoelomorpha, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Myxozoa, Tardigrada, Cephalorhyncha, Nemertea, Echiura, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Chaetognatha, and Chordata (Tunicata, Cephalochordata, and Hemichordata) from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38, 698-722. Corbera J., Emig C. C. & M. Zabala, 1991. Els lofoforats i afins (en catalan), pp. 335-374. História Natural dels Paísos Catalans, vol. 8 : Invertebrats no artrópodes, 598 pp. Enciclopèdia Catalana, Barcelone. Dall W. H., 1920. Annotated list of the Recent Brachiopoda in the Collection of the United States National Museum, with descriptions of thirty-three new forms. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 57 (2314), 261-377. Davidson T., 1869. Notes on some Recent Mediterranean species of Brachiopoda. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (4) 3, 374-377. Davidson T., 1886. A monograph of the Recent Brachiopoda (1886-1888). Part I. p. 1-74, Pl. 1-13 (1886). Part II. p. 75-182, Pl. 14-25(1887). Part III. p. 183-248, Pl. 26-30 (1888). Trans. linn. Soc. London, (2)4 (Zool.), 1-248, Pl. 1-30. Dulai A., 2015. Central Paratethyan Middle Miocene brachiopods from Poland, Hungary and Romania in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden, the Netherlands). Scripta Geologica, 149, 185-211. Dulai A., Gatt M., Moissette P. & A. W. Janssen, 2015. Oligocene and Miocene brachiopods of the Maltese Islands: taxonomy, diversity, distribution. Permophiles, 61 (suppl. 1), 26-28. Emig C. C., 2000. Brachiopoda, Phoronida. Checklist of the Italian fauna on-line (2003) http://www.faunaitalia.it/checklist/introduction.html Emig C. C., 2012. Révision des espèces de brachiopodes décrites par A. Risso. Carnets de Géologie [Notebooks on Geology], Article 2012/02 (CG2012_A02), p. 15-30. Eugene C., 1978. Etude de l'épifaune des herbiers de Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile du littoral provençal. Thèse Doctorat en Océanologie, Univ. Aix-Marseille, 117 p. + Annexes 23 p. Evangelisti F., 2010. Mediterranean brachiopods: morphological, ecological and phylogenetic aspects. Thèse Dr Univ. Bologne, 154 p. Evangelisti [3] F., Albano P. G. & B. Sabelli, 2011. Recent Brachiopoda of the marine protected area "Secche di Tor Paterno", Central Tyrrhenian Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 52 (2), 193-202. Evangelisti F., Albano P. G. & B. Sabelli, 2012. Predation on two brachiopods, Joania cordata and Argyrotheca cuneata, from an offshore reef in the Tyrrhenian sea. Marine Biology, 159 (10), 2349-2358. Evangelisti F., Albano P. G. & Sabelli B., 2014. Size-frequency distributions of Joania cordata and Argyrotheca cuneata (Brachiopoda: Megathyrididae) from the Central Tyrrhenian Sea. Marine Ecology: an evolutionary Perspective, 35 (3), 377-386. Forbes E., 1844. Report on the Mollusca and Radiata of the Aegean sea, and their distribution, considered as bearing on geology. Report on 30th meeting for the Advancement of Science, (Cork, 1843), p. 130-193. Gerovasileiou V., Chintiroglou C., Vafidis D., Koutsoubas D., Sini M., Dailianis T., Issaris Y., Akritopoulou E., Dimarchopoulou D. & E. Voultsiadou, 2015. Census of biodiversity in marine caves of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 16, 245-265. Gerovasileiou V. & Bailly N., 2016. Brachiopoda of Greece: an annotated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4 (e8169), 8 p. Grobe P. & C. Lüter, 1999. Reproductive cycles and larval morphology of three Recent species of Argyrotheca (Terebratellacea: Brachiopoda) from Mediterranean submarine caves. Mar. Biol., 134, 595-600. Jeffreys J. G., 1878. On the Mollusca procured during the "Lightning" and "Porcupine" expeditions 1868-1870. Part 1. Proc. zool. Soc. London, 1878, 393-416. Kaesler R. L. (ed.), 1997 & 2006. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H, Brachiopoda revised. Geological Society of America & University of Kansas, vol. 1, 539 p.; vol. 5, p. 2017-2018. Legac M., 2012. New records of Recent Brachiopoda from the eastern part of the northern Adriatic Sea. Natura Croatica, Zagreb, 21 (1), 255-258. Logan A., 1977. Révision des espèces du phylum Brachiopoda Dumérill, 1806, décrites par A. Risso. Ann. Mus. Hist. nat. Nice, 5, 151. Logan A., 1979. The Recent Brachiopoda of the Mediterranean Sea. Bull. Inst. océanogr., Monaco, 72 (1434), 1-112. Logan A., 2003. Marine fauna of the Mljet National Park (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). 3. Brachiopoda. Natura Croatica, Zagreb, 12 (4), 233-243. Logan A. & J. P. A. Noble, 1983. Recent brachiopods from Malta. Central Mediterr. Naturalist, 1 (2), 33-42. Logan A., Bianchi C. N., Morri C. & H. Zibrowius, 2004. The present-day Mediterranean brachiopod fauna: diversity, life habits, biogeography and paleobiogeography. Scientia marina, 68 (suppl. 1), 163-170. Logan A., Bianchi C. N., Morri C., Zibrowius H. & G. Bitar, 2002. New records of Recent brachiopods from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale "G. Doria", 94, 407-418. Morri C., Bianchi C. N., Cocito S., A. Peirano, A. M. De Biase, S. Aliani, M. Pansini, M. Boyer, F. Ferdeghini, M. Pestarino & P. Dando, 1999. Biodiversity of marine sessile epifauna at an Aegean island subject to hydrothermal activity: Milos, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology, 135, 729-739. Pajaud D., 1974. Ecologie des Thécidés. Lethaia, 7, 203-218. Pakhnevich A. V., 2009. Reasons of micromorphism in modern or fossil brachiopods. Paleontological Journal, 43 (11), 1458-1468. Philippi R. A., 1836. Mollusca Brachiopoda. In: Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae : cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium quae in itinere suo observavit. Berolini, vol. 1, 94-100. Philippi R. A., 1844. Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium quae in itinere suo observavit. [Volumen secundum continens addenda et emendanda, nec non comparationem faunae recentis Siciliae cum faunis aliarum terrarum et com fauna periodi tertiariae]. E. Anton, Halle an der Saale, vol. 2, 303 p., 18 pl. [Brachiopoda: p. 66-70] Reeve L., 1861. A revision of the history, synonymy, and geographical distribution of the recent Terebratulae. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 7 (3), 169-190. Riedl R., 1983. Phoronida. In: Fauna und Flora der Adria, Parey, Berlin, p. 439-441. Risso A., 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale, et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Levrault, Paris & Strasbourg, 5 tomes [Brachiopodes: tome 4, p. 386-395, Pl. 12] Rosso A., Sanfilippo R., Taddei Ruggiero E. & E. Di Martino, 2013. Faunas and ecological groups of Serpuloidea, Bryozoa and Brachiopoda from submarine caves in Sicily (Mediterranean Sea). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 52 (3), 167-176. Schulgin [4] M. A., 1885. Argiope kowalevskii (ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Brachiopoden). Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 41, 116–141. Seguenza G., 1865. Paleontologia malacologia delle rocce terziarie del distretto di Messina - Studiata nei suoi rapporti zoologici, paleontologici e stratigrafici - Classe Brachiopodi. Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. nat., 1, 5-88. Seguenza G., 1870. Dei brachiopodii viventi e terziarii, publicati dal Prof O. G. Costa. Bull. Malacol. Ital., 3 (1), 145-160. Senn E., 1934. Die Geschlechtsverhältnisse des Brachiopoden, im besonderen die Spermato- und Oogenese der Gattung Lingula. Acta Zoologica, 15 (1), 1-154. Simboura N., Zenetos A., Thessalou-Legaki M., Pancucci M. & A. Nicolaidou, 1995. Benthic communities of the infralittoral in the N. Sporades (Aegean Sea): a variety of biotopes encountered and analysed. Marine Ecology, 16 (4), 283-306. Simon E. & G. Willems, 1999. Gwynia capsula (Jeffreys, 1859) and other Recent brachiopods from submarine caves in Croatia. Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. nat. Belgique, Biologie, 69, 15-21. Steuer A., 1936. Sipunculoidea, Phoronidea, Brachiopoda, Enteropneusta und Acrania von Alexandrien in Ägypten. Note Ist. It.-germ. Biol. mar. Rovigno, 23, p. 1618. Suess E., 1859. Über die Wohnsitze der Brachiopoden. I. Abschnitt von Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 37, 185-248. Taddei Ruggiero E., 1985. Megathyrididae (Brachiopoda) attuali raccolti lungo le coste della Campania e della Puglia. Bollettino della Società dei Naturalisti in Napoli, 94, 255-285. Taddei Ruggiero E., 1994. Brachiopods from bio- and thanatocoenoses of the Isca submarine cave (Sorrento Penisula). In: Matteucci R. et al. (eds), Studies on ecology and paleoecology of benthic communities. Boll. Soc. paleont. ital., Modena, special volume 2, 313-323. Taddei Ruggiero E., 1996. Notes on living brachiopod ecology in a submarine cave off the Campania coast, Italy. In: Copper P. & J. Jin (eds), Proceedings of the 3d international brachiopod congress, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, September 1995. Balkema, Rotterdam p. 227-231. Taddei Ruggiero E., 1996. Biostratigrafia e paleoecologie delle Calcarentiti di Gravina nei dintorni di Cerignola (brachiopodi e foraminiferi). Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 51, 197-207. Taddei Ruggiero E., 2001. Brachiopods of the Isca submarine cave: observations during ten years. System. Ass. Spec. Vol. Ser., 63, 261-267. Templado J., Calvo M., Moreno D., Flores A., Conde F., Abad R., Rubio J., López-Fé C. M. & M. Ortiz, 2006. Flora y Fauna de la reserva marina y reserva de pesca de la Isla de Alborán. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Secretaría General de Pesca Marítima, Madrid, 269 pp. Toscano F. & B. Sorgente, 2002. Rhodalgal-bryomol temperate carbonates from the Apulian shelf (southeastern Italy), relict and modern deposits on a current dominated shelf. Facies, 46, 103-118. Zaky A.M., Brand U., Buhl D., Blamey N., Bitner M.A., Logan A., Gaspard D. & A. Popov, 2019. Strontium isotope geochemistry of modern and ancient archives: tracer of secular change in ocean chemistry. Revue canadienne des Sciences de la Terre, 56 (3), 245-264. [1] This list is not exhaustive, quoting the reprints available in my own library. [2] In open access : https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12526-019-00968-6 [3] In open access : http://application.sb-roscoff.fr/cbm/article.htm?execution=e6s1 [4] In open accès : https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/162271#page/126/mode/1up Nota: Many other publications of the list above are available in open access - see also
 Go.[*] Citation: Emig C. C., 2020. Argiope barroisi Schulgin, 1885, synonym of Argyrotheca cuneata (Risso, 1826). http://paleopolis.rediris.es/BrachNet/CLASS/TEREBRATELLIDINA/Megathyridoidea/A_barroisi/, consulted on dd/mm/20yy. available in pdf Online on February 11, 2020 |
