° References of the most recent published diagnoses

Diagnosis

Last update: November 1, 2002   Body, about 0,7 mm in length; color opaque with very small pigment granules (dark brown in reflected light) probably contained in the epidermal cells and distributed in distinct patches at certain fixed points of the body, increasing in number from the 4-T stage. Tentacles: until 10 larval tentacles; no adult tentacles occur. Two ventral blood masses which fuse in the oldest specimens at the level of the oesophagus but blood globule clusters on each side of the trunk are situated near the insertion of the tentacles. Stomacal diverticulum unpaired.

Most recent diagnoses  Emig C. C., Roldán C. & J. M. Viéitez, 2005. Filo Phoronida. In: Fauna Ibérica, vol. 27. Museo de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC Madrid, p. 19-54 & 180-186 & 223-224.  Temereva E. N. & V. V. Malakhov, 2004. A key to the identification of phoronid larvae (Phoronida, Lophophorata) from the Sea of Japan [in Russian]. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83 (9), 1115-1126.  Emig C. C., 1982. The biology of Phoronida. Adv. mar. Biol., 19, 1-89.  Silén L., 1954. Developmental biology of Phoronidea of the Gullmar Fiord area (West coast of Sweden). Act. Zool., 35, 215-257. References on Actinotrocha hippocrepia