Abele L. G., T. Gilmour & S. Gilchrist, 1983. Size and shape in the phylum Phoronida. J. Zool., London, 200, 317-323.

Albertelli G. & G. L. Rossi, 1986. Studio del popolamento macrobentonico di un fondale posto in prossimita' di un effluente urbano (1976-1980). At. 7° Congr. AIOL, Trieste 1986, pp. 91-100.

Andrews E. A., 1890. On a new species of the remarkable animal Phoronis. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 5, 445-449.

Bacescu M., Müller G. I. & M. T. Gomoiu, 1971. Foronide. In : Ecologia Marine - cercetari de ecologie bentala in Marea Neagra (en Roumain). Ed. Acad. Republ. Social. Romania, vol. 4, p. 241

Bailey-Brock J. H. & C. C. Emig, 2000. Hawaiian Phoronida (Lophophorata) and their distribution in the Pacific region. Pacific Science, 54 (2), 119-126.

Balasubrahmanyan K., 1959. Phoronis architecta Andrews from the Vellar estuary at Porto-Novo. Current Sci., 28 (12), 495-496.

Balasubrahmanyan K., 1960. Studies in the ecology of the Vellar estuary. I. A premiminary survey of the estuarine bottoms and its fauna conducted on 11-9-59. J. Zool. Soc. India, 12 (2), 209-215.

Balduzzi A. & C. C. Emig, 1995. Lophophorata. In: Check list delle specie della fauna italiana, Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (Eds). Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 108, 10-23

Benito J. & F. Nieto, 1985. Estudio de las comunidades bentónicas de la ría de Santoña. VII Bien. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. nat., Barcelona, (resúmenes), p. 162.

Bethe A., 1927. Eigenthümliche Formen und Mittel der Blutbewegung (Phoronis, Tomopteris, Squilla). Z. vergl. Physiol., 5, 555-576.

Boesch D. F., R. J. Diaz & R. W. Virnstein, 1976. Effects of tropical storm Agnes on soft-bottom macrobenthic communities of the James and York estuaries and the lower Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Sci., 17 (4), 246-259.

Brooks W. K. & R. P. Cowles, 1905. Phoronis architecta: its life history, anatomy and breeding habits. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, 10 (4), 72-113.

Capitoli R. R., C. E. Bemvenuti & N. M. Gianuca, 1978. Estudos de ecologia bentonica na regiao estuarial da lagoa dos Patos. I. As communidades bentonicas. Atlantica, Rio Grande, 3, 5-22.

Caracciolo J. V. & F. W. Steimle Jr., 1983. An atlas of the distribution and abundance of dominant benthic invertebrates in the New York bight apex with reviews of their life histories. NOAA techn. Tep., 766, 54 pp.

Chang S., Steimle F.W., Reid R.N., Fromm S.A., Zdanowicz V.S. & R.A. Pikanowski, 1992. Association of benthic macrofauna with habitat types and quality in the New York Bight. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 89 (2-3), 237-251.

Çinar M. E., 2014. Checklist of the phyla Platyhelminthes, Xenacoelomorpha, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Myxozoa, Tardigrada, Cephalorhyncha, Nemertea, Echiura, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Chaetognatha, and Chordata (Tunicata, Cephalochordata, and Hemichordata) from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38, 698-722.

Çinar M. E., Ürkmez D. & B. Yokes, 2024. Diversity of Platyhelminthes, Xenacoelomorpha, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Brachiopoda, Kinorhyncha, Nemertea, Chaetognatha, Tardigrada, Gastrotricha, Rotifera, Phoronida, Echinodermata, and Chordata (Tunicata, Cephalochordata, and Hemichordata) from the coasts of Türkiye. Turk. J. Zool., 48, 379-412.

Cohen B. L., Gawthrop A. B. & T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998. Molecular phylogeny of brachiopods and phoronids based on nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B 353, 2039-2061.

Corbera J., Emig C. C. & M. Zabala, 1991. Els lofoforats i afins (en catalan), pp. 335-374. Història Natural dels Països Catalans, vol. 8 : Invertebrats no artròpodes, 598 pp. Enciclopèdia Catalana, Barcelone.

Cori C. J., 1889. Beitrag zur Anatomie der Phoronis. Inaug.-Diss. Prague (Univ. Leipzig), 48 pp.

Cori C. J., 1890. Untersuchung über die Anatomie und Histologie der Gattung Phoronis. Z. wiss. Zool., 51, 480-568.

Cori C. J., 1937. Phoronidea. In: Handbuch der Zoologie, Eds Kükenthal W. & T. Krumbach, De Gruyter, Berlin, 3 (2), 71-135.

Cori C. J., 1939. Phoronidea. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreiches, 4 (4), 1-183.

Currás A. & J. Mora, 1991. Comunidades bentonicas de la ria del Eo (Galicia-Asturias, NW España). Cah. Biol. mar., 32, 57-81.

De Gaillande D., 1968. Monographie des peuplements benthiques d'une calanque des côtes de Provence: Port-Miou. Rec. Trav. Sta. mar. Endoume, 44 (60), 358-401.

Del Carmen Brito M., C. C. Emig, J. Núñez, R. Riera, C. Roldán & J. M. Viéitez, 2002. Nuevos registros de foronídeos en Lanzarote, islas Canarias (Lophophorata: Phoronida). Vieraea, 30, 153-159.

Dolah R. F. van et al., 1984. Benthic and sedimentological studies of the Georgetown ocean dredged material disposal area. Techn. Rep. S. Carolina mar. Ressources Center, 59, 1-97

Dolah R. F. van, D. R. Calder & D. M. Knott, 1983. Assessment of the benthic macrofauna in an ocean disposal area near Charleston, South Carolina. Techn. Rep., S. Carolina mar. Ressources Center, 56, 1-97.

Dörjes J., 1972. Georgia coastal region, Sapelo Island, U. S. A.: Sedimentology and biology. VII. Distribution and zonation of macrobenthic animals. Senckenb. marit., 4, 183-216.

Dörjes J., S. Gadow, H. E. Reineck & I. Bir Singh, 1970. Sedimentologie und Makrobenthos der Nordgründe aund der Aussenjade (Nordsee). Senckenb. marit., 2, 31-59.

Emig C. C., 1965. Contributions à la répartition des Phoronidiens et à la cartographie benthique du golfe de Fos. Rec. Trav. St. mar. Endoume, 36, 181-183.

Emig C. C., 1966. Essai d'étude de la teneur en gaz d'hydrocarbures dans le milieu marin. Rec. Trav. St. mar. Endoume, 41, 6-16.

Emig C. C., 1966. Anatomie et écologie de Phoronis psammophila Cori (Golfe de Marseille; Etang de Berre). Rec. Trav. St. mar. Endoume, 40, 161-248.   

Emig C. C., 1967. Ultrastructure du tube digestif de Phoronis psammophila Cori. I. Estomac (Cellules ciliées). Arch. Zool. exp. géné., 108, 617-632.

Emig C. C., 1968. Ultrastructure du tube digestif de Phoronis psammophila Cori. II. Pré-estomac et intestin. Arch. Zool. exp. géné., 109, 145-155.

Emig C. C., 1968. Présence de Phoronis psammophila Cori : la biocoenose des Sables Fins en mode Calme. Bull. Soc. zool. Fr., 93, 115-125.

Emig C. C., 1968. Etude comparative des néphridies de Phoronis psammophila Cori, Phoronis hippocrepia Wright et Phoronopsis harmeri Pixell. Bull. Soc. zool. Fr., 93, 109-114.

Emig C. C., 1969. Considérations sur la systématique des Phoronidiens. III. Phoronis psammophila Cori, 1889, et Phoronis architecta Andrews, 1890. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. nat. Paris, 41, 312-327.

Emig C. C., 1971. Taxonomie et systématique des Phoronidiens. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. nat. Paris, (Zool.) 8, 469-568.

Emig C. C., 1972. Etude des Phoronidiens (Systématique; Régénération). Thèse Dr. Sci., Univ. Aix-Marseille 2, 150 pp.

Emig C. C., 1972. Phoronidiens récoltés lors de la campagne "Biaçores" du N/O Jean Charcot (3 octobre-20 novembre 1971). Téthys, 4, 423-428.

Emig C. C., 1972. Régénération de la région antérieure de Phoronis psammophila Cori (Phoronida). Z. Morph. Tiere, 73, 117-144.

Emig C. C., 1972. Reproduction asexuée chez Phoronis psammophila Cori. Mar. Biol., 13, 247-258.

Emig C. C., 1973. Ecologie des Phoronidiens. Bull. Ecol., 4 (4), 339-364.

Emig C. C., 1973. Phoronidiens de Madagascar. Téthys, suppl. 5, 9-24.

Emig C. C., 1974. The systematics and evolution of the phylum Phoronida. Z. zool. System. Evolut.-forsch., 12 (2), 128-151.

Emig C. C., 1974. Observations et discussions sur le développement embryonnaire des Phoronida. Z. Morph. Tiere, 77, 317-335.

Emig C. C., 1977. Sur la structure des parois de l'appareil circulatoire de Phoronis psammophila Cori (Phoronida, Lophophorata). Zoomorphologie, 87, 147-153.

Emig C. C., 1977. Notes sur la localisation, l'écologie et la taxonomie des Phoronidiens. Téthys, 7 (4), 357-364.

Emig C. C., 1979. British and other Phoronids. In: Synopses of the British fauna, Kermack D. M. & R. S. K. Barnes (eds), Acad. Press, London, 13, 57 pp.

Emig C. C., 1980. Présence de Phoronis psammophila Cori (Phoronida, Lophophorata) dans les environs de Banyuls. Vie Milieu, 30 (3/4), 225-227.

Emig C. C., 1982. The biology of Phoronida. Adv. mar. Biol. 19, 1-89.

Emig C. C., 1982. Nouvelles localisations de Phoronidiens. Téthys, 10 (3), 287-290.

Emig C. C., 1983. Ecologie et répartition des Phoronidiens (Lophophorates) en Mer Méditerranée. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit., 28 (3), 247-248.

Emig C. C., 1983. Phoronida. In: Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Eds Adiyodi R. K. & R. G. Adiyodi, Wiley Intersci., New-York, Vol. 1, Oogenesis, oviposition, and oosorption, pp. 535-542.

Emig C. C., 1984. New data on the phoronids, Lophophorata, collected by Soviet expeditions (in Russian). Biol. Mor. Vladivostok, 1984 (4), 65-67.

Emig C. C., 1985. Phylogenetic systematics in Phoronida (Lophophorata). Z. zool. System. Evolut.-forsch., 23 (3), 184-193.

Emig C. C., 1985. New data on the phoronids collected by Soviet expeditions. Soviet J. mar. Biol., 10 (4), 242-245

Emig C. C., 1986. Phylum Phoronida (Horseshoe worms). In: Marine Fauna and Flora of Bermuda, Ed. Sterrer W., Wiley & sons, New-York, pp. 516-518.

Emig C. C., 2006. Phoronida, Brachiopoda. Checklist della Fauna Marina Italiana, fasc. 108.

Emig C. C. & J. Bailey-Brock, 1987. Phylum Phoronida. In: Reef and Shore fauna of Hawaii, Devaney D. M. and L. G. Eldredge (eds), Sect. 2 & 3: Plathelminthes through Phoronida, and Sipuncula through Annelida, pp. 171-181.

Emig C. C., 2019. Phoronida and Brachiopoda in the Indian River (Florida, USA). Nouveaux eCrits scientifiques, NeCs_01-2019, p. 1-10.

Emig C. C. & F. Béchérini, 1970. Influence des courants dans l'éthologie alimentaire des Phoronidiens. Etude par séries de photographies cycliques. Mar. Biol., 5, 239-244.

Emig C. C., Çinar M. E. & Z. Ergen, 2003. Phoronida from the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 44 (2), 185-190.

Emig C. C. & A. Emig, 1975. Etude des variations du nombre et de la répartition des muscles longitudinaux chez Phoronis psammophila Cori. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 17, 23-31.

Emig C. C., García Carrascosa A. M., Roldán C. & J. M. Viétiez, 1999. The occurrence in the Chafarinas Islands (S.E. Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean) of four species of Phoronida (Lophophorata) and their distribution in the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean areas. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 40 (2), 129-134.

Emig C. C. & A. Golikov, 1990. On phoronids of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR and their disribution in the Pacific Ocean (in Russian). Zool. Zh., 69, 22-30.

Emig C. C. & R. Lienhart, 1966. Un nouveau moyen de récolte pour les substrats meubles infralittoraux: l'aspirateur sous-marin. Rec. Trav. St. mar. Endoume, 42, 115-120.

Emig C. C. & R. Lienhart, 1971. Principe de l'aspirateur sous-marin automatique pour sédiments meubles. Vie Milieu, suppl. 22, 573-578.

Emig C. C. & C. Roldán, 1992. On the occurrence in Australia of three species of Phoronida (Lophophorata) and their distribution in the Pacific area. Rec. S. Aust. Mus., 26 (1), 1-8.

Emig C. C., Roldán C. & J. M. Viéitez, 2000. Foronídeos del litoral luso-español. Phoronida from the Luso-Iberian zone. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 96 (1-2), 77-83.

Emig C. C., Roldán C. & J. M. Viéitez, 2001. Phoronida. In: European Register of Marine Species, a check list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification, Costello M. J., Emblow C. & R. White (eds). Patrimoines Naturels, 50, 324-325.

Emig C. C., Roldán C. & J. M. Viéitez, 2002. European Register of Marine Species: Phoronida. http://erms.biol.soton.ac.uk/lists/full/Phoronida.shtml

Emig C. C., Roldán C. & J. M. Viéitez, 2005. Filo Phoronida. In: Fauna Ibérica, vol. 27. Museo de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC Madrid, p. 19-54 & 180-186 & 223-224.

Enriques P., 1905. Della circulazione oscillante nelle Phoronis psammophila. Atti Acad. Lincei Rend., 14, 451-454.

Enriques P., 1907. Della circulazione oscillante nelle Phoronis psammophila. Monit. Zool. It., 18, 201-205.

Febvre J., 1966. Aperçu sur les peuplements benthiques de l'étang de Berre. Rec. Trav. St. mar. Endoume, 41 (57), 123-132.

Febvre J., 1968. Etude bionomique des substrats meubles de l'Etang de Berre. Rec. Trav . Sta. mar. Endoume, 60, 297-355.

Fernández I., Aguirre A., Pardos F., Roldán C., Benito J. & C. C. Emig, 1991. The epidermis of Phoronis psammophila Cori (Phoronida, Lophophorata): an ultrastructural and histochemical study. Can. J. Zool., 69, 2414-2422.

Fernández I., Pardos F., Benito J. & C. Roldán, 1996. Ultrastructural observations on the phoronid nervous system. J. Morphol., 230, 265-281.

Forneris L., 1969. Fauna bentônica da Baia do Flamengo, Ubatuba: aspectos ecológicos. Tese de Livre-docência, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 214 p.

Forneris L., 1999. Phoronida. In: Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: síntese do conhecimento ao final do século XX, Volume 3: Invertebrados Marinhos (310 p.), eds. Migotto A. E., C. Tiago & C. Joly., n°37, 234-236, Fapesp, São Paulo.

Glemarec M., 1964. Bionomie benthique de la partie orientale du golfe du Morbihan. Cah. Biol. mar., 5, 33-96.

Goodrich E. S., 1895. On the coelom, genital ducts and nephridia. Q. J. microsc. Sci., 37, 499.

Goodrich E. S., 1903. On the body-cavities and nephridia of the actinotrocha larvae. Q. J. microsc. Sci., 47, 103-121.

Goodrich E. S., 1945. The study of nephridia and genetital ducts since 1895. Q. J. microsc. Sci., 86, 113-392.

Gordon D. P. & D. G. McKight, 1983. Entoprocta, Phoronida, Bryozoa, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Tunicata, and Cephalochordata. In: The New Zealand biota - what do we know after 200 years? Eds Bromsey P. J. & A. N. Baker. Nat. Mus. N. Z. miscel. Ser., 7, 91 pp.

Gosner K. L., 1999. Phoronida. In: A Field Guide to the Atlantic Seashore: From the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras. Peterson field guides, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, p. 120-121 - 352 p.

Gras D., 1992. Inventario faunistico del plancton de la costa valenciana. Thalassas, 10, 89-105.

Gruet Y., 1972. Morphologie, croissance et faune associée des récifs de Sabellaria alveolata (Linné) de la Bernerie-en-Retz (Loire Atlantique). Téthys, 3, 321-380.

Halanych K. M., 1998. Consideration for reconstructing metazoan history: signal, resolution, and hypothesis testing. Amer. Zool., 38, 929-941.

Hammen C. S. & R. C. Bullock, 1991. Opine oxidoreductases in brachiopds, bryozoans, phoronids and molluscs. Biochem. System. Ecol., 19 (4), 263-269.

Handbook of alien species in Europe, 2009. Invading nature - Springer series in invasion ecology, Volume 3, 400 p. [see comments on Phoronida, p. 221]

Haswell W. A., 1893. The occurence of a second species of Phoronis in Port-Jackson. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, (2) 7, 340-341.

Helfenbein K. G. & J. L. Boore, 2004. The mitochondrial genome of Phoronis architecta - Comparisons demonstrate that phoronids are Lophotrochozoan protostomes. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21 (1), 153-157.

Herrmann K., 1979. Larvalentwicklung und Metamorphose von Phoronis psammophila (Phoronida, Tentaculata). Helgol. wiss. Meeresunters., 32, 550-581.

Herrmann K., 1997. Phoronida. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Wiley-Liss, New-York, 13, 207-235.

Hirose M., Fukiage R. & Kajihara H., 2011. First record of Phoronis psammophila Cori, 1889 (Phoronida) from Japan [in Japanese]. Biogeography, 13, 105-110.

Howson C. M., 1987. Phoronida. In: Directory of the British fauna and flora, Ed. C. M. Howson, Marine Conservation Society, Herefordshire UK, pp. 293-296.

Hyman L. H., 1958. The occurence of chitin in the Lophophorate-phyla. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab. Woods Hole, 114, 106-112.

Junoy J., 1988. Estudio de la macrofauna intermareal de substrato blando de la Ría de Foz (Lugo). Tesis doctoral, Univ. Alcalá de Henares, 619 pp.

Knight-Jones E. W., 1954. Relations between metachronism and the direction of cilary beat in Metazoa. Q. J. microsc. SCi., 95 (4), 503-521.

Kritzler H., 1971. Observations on a new species of Streblosoma from the Northeast gulf of Mexico (Polychaeta, Terebellidae). Bull. mar. Sci., 21 (4), 904-913.

Larsen P. F., 1985. The benthic macrofauna associated with Oyster reefs of the James River estuary, Virginia, U. S. A. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol., 70 (6), 797-814.

Lauckner G., 1980. Diseases of Tentaculata. Diseases of marine animals, vol. 1, 256-259.

Le Gall J. Y., 1969. Etude de l'endofaune des pelouses de Zostéracées superficielles de la Baie de Castiglione (Côtes d'Algérie). Téthys, 1, 395-420.

Long C., 1960. A phoronid from the gulf of Mexico. Bull. mar. Sci. Gulf Caribbean, 10 (2), 204-207.

López Serrano, L., 1999. Estudio de la macrofauna bentónica de la desembocadura del río Piedras (Huelva). Tesis Doct., Univ. Complutense de Madrid, 423 pp.

Mackey L. Y., Winnepenninckx B., De Wachter R., Backeljau T., Emschermann P. &, 1996. J. R. Garey, 1996. 18 rRNA suggestes that Entoprocta are protostomes, unrelated to Ectoprocta. J. Mol. Evol., 42, 552-559.

McRae G., Camp D. K., Lyons W. G. & T. L. Dix, 1998. Relating benthic infaunalcommunity structure to environmental variables in estuaries using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and similarity analysis. Environmental Monitoring and Asseessment, 51, 233-246.

Marsden J. R., 1959. Phoronidea from the Pacific coast of North America. Can. J. Zool., 37 (2), 87-111.

Massé H., 1963. Quelques données sur l'économie alimentaire d'une biocoenose infralittorale. Rec. Trav. St. mar. Endoume, 31 (47), 153-166.

Massé H., 1970. Contribution à l'étude de la macrofaune des peuplements des sables fins infralittoraux des côtes de Provence. I. La baie de Bandol. Téthys, 2 (4), 783-820.

Massé H., 1971. Etude quantitative de la macrofaune de peuplements des sables fins infralittoraux. II. La baie du Prado (Golfe de Marseille). Téthys, 3 (1), 113-158.

Massé H., 1971. Etude quantitative de la macrofaune d'un peuplement des sables fins infralittoraux de l'Etang de Berre. Evaluation de la production de quelques espèces. Vie et Milieu, suppl. 22, 329-346.

Massé H., 1972. Quantitative investigations of sand-bottom macrofauna along the Mediterranean North-west coast. Mar. Biol., 15, 209-220.

Massé H., 1972. Contribution à l'étude de la macrofaune de peuplements des sables fins infralittoraux des Côtes de Provence. III. L'anse de Verdon. IV. L'anse de Saint-Gervais (Golfe de Fos). Téthys, 3 (2), 283-319.

Massé H., 1972. Contribution à l'étude de la macrofaune de peuplements des sables fins infralittoraux des côtes de Provence. V. La côte de Camargue. Téthys, 3 (3), 539-568.

Massé H., 1972. Contribution à l'étude de la macrofaune de peuplements des sables fins infralittoraux des Côtes de Provence. VII. Discussion, comparaison et interprétation des données quantitatives. Tethys, 4 (2), 397-422.

Massé H., 1972. Contribution à l'étude quantitative et dynamique de la macrofaune de peuplements des sables fins infralittoraux des Côtes de Provence. Bull. Soc. Ecol., 3 (1), 11-20.

Mayoral M. A., López Serrano L. & J. M. Viéitez, 1994. Macrofauna bentónica intermareal de tres playas de la desembocadura del río Piedras. Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. (Sec. Biol.), 91(4), 231-240.

Meek A., 1917. On the Phoronidea. Rep. Dove mar. Lab. Cullercoast, 6, 33-48.

Montaudouin (de) X. & P.-G. Sauriau, 2000. Contribution to a synopsis of marine species richness in the Perthuis Charentais Sea with new insights in soft-bottom macrofaua of the Marennes-Oléron Bay. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 41, 181-222.

Morton B. &J. C. Britton, 2000. The origins of the coastal and marine flora and fauna of the Azores. Oceanogr. mar. Biol.: Ann. Rev., 38, 13-84.

Munari C., Corbau C., Simeoni U. & Mistri M., 2011. Coastal defence through low crested breakwater structures: Jumping out of the frying pan into the fire? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62 (8), 1641-1651.

Naqvi S. M., 1968. Effect of predation on infaunal invertebrates of Alligator Harbor, Florida. Gulf Res. Rep., 2 (3), 313-321.

Nonato E.F. & Petti M.A.V., 1996. Macrofauna bentônica das enseadas de Picinguaba e Ubatumirim: ocorrência de espécies raras e descrição de novas espécies. III Simpósio sobre Oceanografia, Resumos., São Paulo, p. 219.

Ollivier M. T., 1969. Etude des peuplements de Zostères, Lanice et sabelles de la région dinardaise. Téthys, 1 (4), 1097-1138.

Paine R. T., 1961. Observations on Phoronis architecta in Florida waters. Bull. mar. Sci. Gulf Caribbean, 11 (3), 457-462.

Pardos F., Roldán C., Benito J., Aguirre A. & I. Fernández, 1993. Ulstrastructure of the lophophorel tentacles in the genus Phoronis (Phoronida, Lophophorata). Can . J. Zool., 71, 1861-1868.

Perez Ruzafa A., 1989. Estudio ecologico y bionomico de los poblamientos bentonicos del Mar Menor (Murcia, SE de España). Tesis doctoral, Univ. Murcia, 751 pp.

Picard J., 1965. Recherches qualitatives sur les biocoenoses marines des substrats meubles dragables de la région marseillaise. Rec. Trav. St. mar. Endoume, 52 (36), 1-160.

Povchin A. S., 1990. Evolution des communautés benthiques du Golfe Karkinsk, Mer Noire, depuis 50 ans (in Russian). Hidrobiol. Zhurn., 26 (5), 20-27

Povchun A. S., 1987. Formation of the Black sea mussel community. Communication 1. Ecol. Mor., 27, 18-27.

Quintino V., A. M. Rodrigues, F. Gentil & M. C. Peneda, 1987. Macrozoobenthic community structure in the lagoon of Albufeira, Western coast of Portugal. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 106, 229-241.

Rachor E., 1977. Faunal impoverishment in a mud area near Helgoland. Helgol. wiss. Meeresunters., 30, 633-651.

Rainer S., 1981. Temporal patterns in the structure of macrobenthic communities of an Australian estuary. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 13, 597-620.

Rainer S. F. & R. C. Fitzhardinge, 1981. Benthic communities in an estuary with periodic deoxygenation. Austr. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 32, 227-243.

Reys J. P., M. A. True & R. True, 1966. Un nouvel appareil de prélèvement quantitatifs des substrats meubles. 2° int. Oceanogr. Cong., Moscow, pp. **.

Riedl R., 1983. Phoronida. In: Fauna und Flora der Adria, Parey, Berlin, pp. 439-441.

Reish D. J. & M.L. Hallisey, 1983. A check-list of the benthic macroinvertebrates of Kennedy space center, Florida. Florida Scientist, 46 (3/4), 306-313.

Rodríguez C. V. & J. M. Viéitez, 1992. Macrofauna bentónica de los primeros metros del piso infralitoral de la costa de Punta Umbría (Huelva). Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., 8 (2), 327-338.

Rodríguez-Babio C., J. M. Ferrer, M. García-Carrascosa & E. Valero, 1985. Sobre la presencia de Phoronis psammophila Cori, 1889, en el Delta del Ebro. 7° Bien. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. nat., Barcelona, p. 118.

Roule L., 1889. Sur une nouvelle espèce méditerranéenne du genre Phoronis. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 109, 195-196.

Roule L., 1890. Sur le développement des feuillets blastodermiques chez les Géphyriens tubicoles (Phoronis sabatieri, nov. sp.). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 110, 1147-1149.

Roule L., 1896. Sur les métamorphoses larvaires du Phoronis sabatieri. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 122, 1343-1345.

Roule L., 1900. Sur le développement embryonnaire des Phoronidiens. Ann. Sci. nat., 11, 51-247.

Ruppert E. E. & K. J. Carle, 1983. Morphology of Metazoan circulatory system. Zoomorphology, 103, 193-208.

Ruppert E. E. & P. S. Smith, 1988. The functional organization of filtration nephridia. Biol. Rev., 63, 231-258.

Saiz Salinas J. I., 1987. Especies de priapulidos, foronídeos y pogonóforos de la Península Ibérica y mares adyancentes. Misc. Zool., 11, 55-60.

Sánchez Mata A., 1996. El macrozoobentos submareal de la ría de Ares y Betanzos: Estructura biosedimentaria y dinámica poblacional; impacto de la marea negra del Aegean Sea. Tesis Doct., Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 628 pp.

Sandonnini J., Del Pilar-Ruso Y., Valverde-Urrea M. & F. Giménez-Casalduero, 2024. Infauna evolution of the invertebrate community after a severe eutrophic crisis in the coastal lagoon of the Mar Menor (W Mediterranean). Regional Studies in Marine Science, 79, 103824, 9 p.
Nota : the specimens were not identified but in 1989 I did.

Santos S. L. & J. L. Simon, 1980. Response of soft-bottom benthos to annual catastrophic disturbance in a South Florida estuary. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 3, 347-355.

Santos S. L. & S. A. Bloom, 1983. Evaluation of succession in an estuarine macrobenthic soft-bottom community near Tampa, Florida. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol., 68 (5), 617-632.

Scelzo M. A., 1976. Sopbre la presencia de Foronideos en aguas marines argentinas (Phylum Phoronida). Physis (sec. A), Buenos Aires, 35 (91), 255-256.

Selys-Longchamps M. de, 1907. Phoronis. Fauna Flora Neapel, 30, 1-280.

Sorden C. T., 1983. Feeding relationships of Goatfishes in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Sea Grant Quart., Univ. Hawaii, 5 (2), 1-6.

Stancyk S. E., F. J. S. Maturo Jr & R. W. Heard Jr, 1976. Phoronids from the East coast of the United States. Bull. mar. Sci., 26 (4), 576-584.

Sun M., Shen X., Liu H., Liu X., Wu Z. et al., 2011. Complete mitochondrial genome of Tubulipora flabellaris (Bryozoa: Stenolaemata): The first representative from the class Stenolaemata with unique gene order. Marine Genomics, 4 (3), 159-165.

Tena J., 1992. Anélidos poliquetos del antepuerto de Valencia: Ecología y aspectos tróficos. Tesis de Licenciatura, Univ. Valencia 269 pp.

Tena J., Capaccioni-Azzati R., Torres-Gavila F. J. & R. Porras, 1993. Anélidos poliquetos del antepuerto de Valencia: distribución y categorías tróficas. Publ. Espec. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr., 11, 15-20.

Thomassin B. A. & C. C. Emig, 1983. Distribution des Phoronidiens dans les biotopes littoraux, coralliens et terrigènes, du Canal de Mozambique (S. W. Océan Indien). Téthys, 11 (1), 33-48.

Vallès Y. & J. L. Boore, 2006. Lophotrochozoan mitochondrial genomes. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 46 (4), 544-557.

Vandergon T. L. & J. M. Colacino, 1987. Sulfide insensitive hemoglobin of Phoronis psammophila (Phoronida). Amer. Zool., 27 (4), 571.

Vandergon T. L. & J. M. Colacino, 1989. Characterization of hemoglobin from Phoronis architecta (Phoronida). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 94B (1), 31-39.

Vandergon T. L. & J. M. Colacino, 1991. Hemoglobin function in the lophophorate Phoronis architecta (Phoronida). Physiol. Zool., 64 (6), 1561-1577.

Veillet A., 1941. Description et mécanisme de la métamorphose de la larve actinotroque de Phoronis sabatieri Roule. Bull. Inst. océanogr. Monaco, 810, 1-11.

Viéitez J. M., 1981. Estudio de las communidades bentónicas de dos playas de las rías de Pontevedra y Vigo (Galicia, España). Bol. Inst. Esp. oceanogr., 6, 241-258.

Viéitez J. M., C. C. Emig, C. Rodriguez-Babio & A. M. Garcia-Carrascosa, 1987. Foronideos de las costas de la Peninsula Ibérica e Islas Baleares: sistematica, ecologia, distribucion y estados larvarios. Bol. Inst. esp. Oceanogr., 4 (2), 63-78.

Virnstein R. W., 1977. The importance of predation by crabs and fishes on benthic infauna in Chesapeake bay. Ecology, 58, 1199-1217.

Virnstein R. W., 1979. Predation on estuarine infauna: reponse patterns of component species. Estuaries, 2 (2), 69-86.

Virnstein R.W., Mikkelsen P.S., Cairns K.D. & M.A. Capone, 1983. Seagrass beds versus sand bottoms: The trophic importance of their associated benthic invertebrates. Florida Scientist, 46 (3/4), 363-381.

Williams A., 1984. Lophophorates. In: Biology of the integument, Invertebrates, Springer, vol. 1, 728-745.

Willsie A., 1987. Structure et fonctionnement de la macrofaune associée à la matte morte et dherbier vivant de Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile : influence des facteurs abiotiques et biotiques. Thèse Dr. Sci., Univ. Aix-Marseille II, tome 1, 340 pp. & 2, 647 pp.

Winnepenninckx B. M. H., Van de Peer Y. & T. Backeljau, 1998. Metazoan relationships on the basis of 188 rRNA sequences: A few years later... Amer. Zool., 38, 888-906.

Zezina O. N. & S. N. Temereva, 2005. Brachiopoda and Phoronida. In: Biota of the Russian waters of the Sea of Japan, Ed. A. V. Adrianov, vol. 3, 138 p. Dalnauka, Vladivostock.

Zimmer R. L., 1978. The comparative structure of the preoral hood coelom in Phoronida and the fate of this cavity during and after metamorphosis. In: Settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrates larvae, Eds Chia & Rice, pp. 23-40.

Zimmer L., 1991. Phoronida. In: Reproduction of marine invertebrates, Giese A. C. & U. B. Pearse (eds). Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove CA, vol. 6, pp. 1-45.

Corbera J., Emig C. C. & M. Zabala, 1991. Els lofoforats i afins (en catalan), pp. 335-374. Història Natural dels Països Catalans, vol. 8 : Invertebrats no artròpodes, 598 pp. Enciclopèdia Catalana, Barcelone.

Cori C. J., 1932. Phoronidea. In: Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, Grimpe & Wragler, 7 (2), 101-132.

Cori C. J., 1937. Phoronidea. In: Handbuch der Zoologie, Eds Kükenthal W. & T. Krumbach, De Gruyter, Berlin, 3 (2), 71-135.

Cori C. J., 1939. Phoronidea. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreiches, 4 (4), 1-183.

Cowles R. P., 1904. Origin and fate of the blood vessels and blood corpuscules of the Actinotrocha. Zool. Anz., 27, 598-606.

Cowles R. P., 1904. Origin and fate of the body-cavities and the nephridia of the Actinotrocha. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 14, 69-78.

Emig C. C., 1974. Observations et discussions sur le développement embryonnaire des Phoronida. Z. Morph. Tiere, 77, 317-335.

Emig C. C., 1979. British and other Phoronids. In: Synopses of the British fauna, Eds Kermack D. M. & R. S. K. Barnes, Acad. Press, London, 13, 57 pp.

Emig C. C., 1982. The biology of Phoronida. Adv. mar. Biol. 19, 1-89.

Emig C. C., 1990. Phoronida. In : Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Eds Adiyodi R. K. & R. G. Adiyodi, Oxford & IBH, New Dehli, Vol. 4 (4): Fertilization, development, and parental care, pp. 165-184.

Emig C. C. & J. Bailey-Brock, 1987. Phylum Phoronida. In: Reef and Shore fauna of Hawaii, Devaney D. M. & L. G. Eldredge (eds), Sect. 2 & 3: Plathelminthes through Phoronida, and Sipuncula through Annelida, pp. 171-181.

Goodrich E. S., 1903. On the body-cavities and nephridia of the actinotrocha larvae. Q. J. microsc. Sci., 47, 103-121.

Gordon D. P. & D. G. McKight, 1983. Entoprocta, Phoronida, Bryozoa, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Tunicata, and Cephalochordata. In: The New Zealand biota - what do we know after 200 years? Eds Bromsey P. J. & A. N. Baker. Nat. Mus. N. Z. miscel. Ser., 7, 91 pp.

Gras D., 1992. Inventario faunistico del plancton de la costa valenciana. Thalassas, 10, 89-105.

Herrmann K., 1977. Vergleichende Untersuchungen der postembryonalen Entwicklung bei Phoronis muelleri und Ph. psammophila. Verh. dtsch. Zool. Ges., Stuttgart 1977, p. 318.

Herrmann K., 1979. Phylogenetic variation in postembryonal development of Phoronida (Tentaculata). Erlanger Symp. Strukturanalyse und Evolutionsforschung, pp. 185-193.

Herrmann K., 1979. Larvalentwicklung und Metamorphose von Phoronis psammophila (Phoronida, Tentaculata). Helgol. wiss. Meeresunters., 32, 550-581.

Herrmann K., 1995. Induction and regulation of metamorphosis in planktonic larvae: Phoronis mülleri (Tentaculata) as archetype. Helgoländer Meeresunters., 49, 255-281.

Howson C. M., 1987. Phoronida. In: Directory of the British fauna and flora, Ed. C. M. Howson, Marine Conservation Society, Herefordshire UK, pp. 293-296.

Jaeckle W., 2013. Seawater flow into the digestive system of actinotroch larvae (Phoronida). Annual Meeting for the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. San Francisco, 2013, available at: http://works.bepress.com/jaeckle/48/

Meek A., 1917. On the Phoronidea. Rep. Dove mar. Lab. Cullercoast, 6, 33-48.

Müller J., 1854. Über verschiedene Formen von Seethieren. Arch. Anat. Physiol., 21, 84-88.

Riedl R., 1983. Phoronida. In: Fauna und Flora der Adria, Parey, Berlin, pp. 439-441.

Roule L., 1896. Sur les métamorphoses larvaires du Phoronis sabatieri. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 122, 1343-1345.

Roule L., 1899. Structure de la larve actinotroque des Phoronidiens. Proc. 4° int. Congr. Zool., Cambridge, pp. 230-231.

Roule L., 1899. Considérations sur le développement embryonnaire des Phoronidiens. Bull. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, 2 (3), 159-160.

Roule L., 1900. Sur le développement embryonnaire des Phoronidiens. Ann. Sci. nat., 11, 51-247.

Ruppert E. E. & P. S. Smith, 1988. The functional organization of filtration nephridia. Biol. Rev., 63, 231-258.

Selys-Longchamps M. de, 1907. Phoronis. Fauna Flora Neapel, 30, 1-280.

Shearer C., 1906. Studies on the development of larval nephridia. Part 1. Phoronis. Mitt. zool. St. Neapel, 17, 487-514.

Strathmann R. R. & Q. Bone, 1997. Ciliary feeding assisted by suction from the muscular oral hood of phoronid larvae. Biol. Bull., 193, 153-162.

Temereva E. N. & V. V. Malakhov, 2004. A key to the identification of phoronid larvae (Phoronida, Lophophorata) from the Sea of Japan [in Russian]. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83 (9), 1115-1126.

Veillet A., 1941. Description et mécanisme de la métamorphose de la larve actinotroque de Phoronis sabatieri Roule. Bull. Inst. océanogr. Monaco, 810, 1-11.

Viéitez J. M., C. C. Emig, C. Rodriguez-Babio & A. M. Garcia-Carrascosa, 1987. Foronideos de las costas de la Peninsula Ibérica e Islas Baleares: sistematica, ecologia, distribucion y estados larvarios. Bol. Inst. esp. Oceanogr., 4 (2), 63-78.

Zezina O. N. & S. N. Temereva, 2005. Brachiopoda and Phoronida. In: Biota of the Russian waters of the Sea of Japan, Ed. A. V. Adrianov, vol. 3, 138 p. Dalnauka, Vladivostock.

Zimmer R. L., 1978. The comparative structure of the preoral hood coelom in Phoronida and the fate of this cavity during and after metamorphosis. In: Settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrates larvae, Chia & Rice (eds), pp. 23-40.

Zimmer L., 1991. Phoronida. In: Reproduction of marine invertebrates, Giese A. C. & U. B. Pearse (eds). Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove CA, vol. 6, pp. 1-45.