Foreword:  After some forty years in the academic world and before abandoning a position as an employee of the State educational system to enter the new world of "pensioners", it seemed worthwhile to the first author (J.-P.B.) of this brief discussion to compile a short document that presents a synopsis of the knowledge acquired, taught and put to use for more than four decades. This fascicle reviews only the foraminifers, which, along with calcareous nannofossils, are the fundamental tools of modern biostratigraphy, used for worldwide oceanographic studies and for the correlation of oil wells. It deals essentially with the small foraminifers, that is those of modest size without a complex internal architecture. These include the planktonic foraminifers of which the rapid evolution and great dispersion permit the establishment of reliable biochronologic scales of reference.
This short course is intended for students preparing for the CAPES (Certificat d'aptitude au professorat de l'enseignement du second degré = Certificate of Aptitude for a Professorship of Instruction in the Second Grade), for students working toward the Aggregation in Natural Sciences in pursuit of a scientific career in the universities or in the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique = National Centre for Scientific Research), and for students who hope to work in the oil industry where a specialization in the field of micropaleontology is considered useful and is still valued. It will also interest amateur naturalists and that portion of the general public attracted by the beauties of the microscopic world, now living, or extinct and represented only by fossils.

 Abstract:  An atlas illustrating 54 genera of marine algae and some microproblematica. They are observed in the field and in boreholes of the Lisburne Group throughout the Alaskan Arctic Cordillera (Brooks Range).

 Abstract:   A new genus, Bucurella, is described and figured; it is based on Macroporella espichelensis Deloffre et Ramalho, 1971, a taxon known only from the Late Jurassic. It is characterized by the presence of distinctive whorls, each with three thick and broad (fertile) ramifications. The lateral division formula is 1 F: 3 F: (3x2) F: (3x2x2) F = (1: 3: 6: 12); that is the primary ramification divides into three secondaries which in turn branch dichotomously into tertiaries and again into quaternaries. It and its descendant, Zergabriella, are assigned to the Tribe Thyrsoporelleae.

 Abstract:   Pyroclastic material including idiomorphic crystals of sanidine, biotite, and apatite, first identified in the type section at Tercis are contemporaneous with the Radotruncana calcarata (planktonic foraminifer) total range zone. A search was undertaken to define the palaeogeographical extent and to determine the importance of these remains of a previously unknown Campanian regional alkaline volcanic episode. A preliminary biostratigraphical search was carried out in the Tercis area and in the western Pyrenees followed by detailed micropalaeontological studies in southwestern France and northern Spain. The findings from five upper Campanian platform and flysch facies are reported in detail and deductions from three others are summarized. First, The microfaunal count of the boundary stratotype at Tercis has been increased by the use of acetolytic techniques to disaggregate indurated carbonates. So isolated tests of some key biostratigraphic markers are documented for the first time. The paucity in specimens of Radotruncana calcarata previously seen in thin sections from the type outcrop is not due to a scarcity of this particular taxon but to a general dearth of globotruncanids in the platform facies deposits of the Aturian Basin. The study shows that acetolysis multiplies the power of investigation of indurated limestones. Thus, the abundance and diversity of microproblematica discovered and studied in the stratotype section since 2006 has been confirmed and two new forms of incertae sedis are reported, one of which is called here Velafer ovatus. Today, 70 species of microproblematica are recognized at Tercis. These microproblematica allow a chronologic calibration of the deposits like or even more precise than those obtainable using ammonites or planktonic foraminifers. Sections sampled in the western Pyrenean flysch facies include the stratigraphic interval comprising the total range zone of Rd. calcarata for which we suggest here a duration of 0.80 ±0.05 Ma. No microproblematica were found in these deep detrital facies. 

All sections reaching the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary contain a Contusotruncana (foraminifer) of which the morphology, illustrated anew from 3 discrete sections, is consistent with that of the specimens identified at this level in the Tercis type-section; they were called C. contusa or C. contusa?/C. patelliformis? These micropalaeontological studies substantiate the choice of Tercis as the best section in the world for location of the stratotype of the Campanian-Maastrichtian stage boundary; they show again its striking regional and global correlative power thanks to the unique diversity of its biological record of the late Cretaceous. In addition, it justifies the choice of a boundary level selected using the near-coincidence of a variety of key events bracketting a guide-event; 12 were clustered around the mid-level 115.2 of the type section where the GSSP of the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary has been recognized internationally. Consequently, the selected level does not depend on a unique "magic marker" with its inherent uncertainty caused by difficulty in identification and scarcity locally and in other localities and environments. This may well be the case for the guide-ammonite Pachydiscus neubergicus as commonly used as a marker of the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary.

The biostratigraphical study precisely locates the pyroclastic material observed at Tercis as within the range of Rd. calcarata, immediately above the last occurrence of Tubellus hunzikeri, the first occurrences of Lucernellus aubouini and Aquilegiella varia, 3 microproblematica of which the distribution is well documented at Tercis. Previously reported evidences of volcanism at Tercis: the presence of kaolinite in the clay size fraction and of microcrystals of sanidine, biotite, zircon, apatite are supplemented here by the discovery of slightly calcic and sodic siliceous spherules with traces of magnesium, aluminum and potassium. Kaolinite and sanidine have also been found in contemporaneous levels at Peyrata, in the vicinity of the type section. Farther away in the flysch facies, the contemporaneous deposits contain pyroclastic biotite mica flakes, idiomorphic zircon crystals and, more rarely, apatite crystals of which the morphology is consistent with a volcanic origin. The presence of traces of a volcanic episode in Campanian levels representing about 1 Ma of deposition are thus confirmed but in the Pyrenees no information is available concerning the site of its origin. In fact, the explanations for the presence of the pyroclastic material involves two possibilities: either there was Campanian alkaline volcanic activity in the Pyrenees similar to that associated with subduction (which has not been identified and is not consistent with the accepted geodynamical model of the area) or the pyroclastic material comes from North America, distant some 5000 km. Such long distance transport would involve an west-east eolian conveyance of mm sized volcanic elements for 1 Ma (a hypothesis to our knowledge undocumented).

 Abstract:  The discovery of two hadrosaur fragments (maxilla and quadrate) in marine sediments of the end of the Cretaceous (uppermost Maastrichtian) is reported. Although this type of taphocoenosis is not exceptional for continental organisms, its situation at approximately 1 m under the iridium zone of the K/T boundary deserves to be emphasized.

 Abstract:  The study of "Crioceras" barremense Kilian was undertaken as a part of the revision of the Hemihoplitidae. This species was considered "classic" and has been used as the index of an Upper Barremian subzone; this usage raises a number of problems. The type specimen from Tyrol was a fragment described and illustrated by Uhlig as Crioceras sp. ind. aff. roemeri. This specimen could not be retrieved, and a topotype could not be collected. Our study revealed that there is both a biostratigraphic hiatus and important differences between conceptions of this species: (1) that ascribed Uhlig's type specimen (Upper Barremian, Tyrol), (2) Kilian's concept of the specimen he found and named "Crioceras" barremense (probably a Camereiceras from the uppermost levels of the Vandenheckei Subzone or from the basal Sartousiana subzone of the Nauvin site, southeastern France) and (3) current interpretations of authors, who often synonymize the type specimen with Gassendiceras alpinum (d'Orbigny), which occurs in the middle of the Vandenheckei Subzone. So there is a real confusion concerning the synonymy of "Crioceras" barremense. The age of Uhlig's type specimen is too imprecise and its preservation too fragmentary to be reliably identifiable, because the same morphology and ornamentation exist in several species of other genera. Therefore, we recommend the use of the species "Crioceras" barremense Kilian be avoided, in particular as an index, along with that of the genus Barrancyloceras Vermeulen for which "C." barremense is used as reference. Some species formerly assigned to this genus have been referred to the genus Gassendiceras Bert et alii. Consequently, we also recommend the Barremense auctorum Subzone be renamed the Alpinum Subzone (new) [index-species: Gassendiceras alpinum (d'Orbigny)], without changing its limits as currently defined. The lower limit of this subzone is indicated by the first occurrence of Gassendiceras alpinum (a new biohorizon, introduced here), a common, easily identifiable species with a well-defined stratigraphic range.

 Abstract:  A pterosaur tibia-fibula is described from Toarcian shales ("Marne de Flize") near the city of Charleville-Mézières (Ardennes, northeastern France). The morphology of this element, especially the reduced fibula partially fused to the tibia, suggests that it belongs to the rhamphorhynchid Dorygnathus, which is well represented in the Toarcian Posidonienschiefer of Germany and has also been reported from the Toarcian of Nancy (eastern France).

 List of Contents:  

   • Cover page
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   • Chapter 1. PaleoParks: Our paleontological heritage protected and conserved in the field worldwide, by Jere H. Lipps 
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   • Chapter 2. The Triassic Guanling fossil Group - A key GeoPark from Barren Mountain, Guizhou Province, China, by Xiaofeng Wang, Xiaohong Chen, Chuanshang Wang & Long Cheng
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   • Chapter 3. The GeoPark of Haute-Provence, France - Geology and palaeontology protected for sustainable development, by Jean-Simon Pagès
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   • Chapter 4. The protection and use of the geological and paleontological heritage in Baja California Sur, Mexico, by Javier Gaitán Morán & Alejandro Álvarez Arellano
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   • Capítulo 4. El resguardo y aprovechamiento del patrimonio geológico y paleontológico en Baja California Sur, México, por Javier Gaitán Morán & Alejandro Álvarez Arellano
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   • Chapter 5. Protecting fossil sites in New Zealand, by Bruce W. Hayward
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   • Chapter 6. The Salt Range: Pakistan's unique field museum of geology and paleontology, by Shahid Jamil Sameeni
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   •  Chapter 7. Paleontological parks and museums and prominent fossil sites in Thailand and their importance in the conservation of fossils, by Nareerat Boonchai, Paul J. Grote & Pratueng Jintasakul
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   • Chapter 8. Managing fossil resources at the Falls of the Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky, USA: A fossil park in an urban setting, by Alan Goldstein
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   • Chapter 9. Paleo-piracy endangers Vendian (Ediacaran) fossils in the White Sea - Arkhangelsk region of Russia, by Mikhail A. Fedonkin, Andrey Yu. Ivantsov, Maxim V. Leonov, Jere H. Lipps, Ekaterina A. Serezhnikova, Eugeniy I. Malyutin & Yuriy V. Khan
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   • Chapter 10. Copper Canyon track locality (Pliocene) conservation strategies, Death Valley National Park, USA, by Torrey Nyborg
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   • Chapter 11. A possible Late Miocene fossil forest PaleoPark in Hungary, by Géza Császár, Miklós Kázmér, Boglárka Erdei & Imre Magyar
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