 List of the benthic biocenoses in the Mediterranean SeaUpdated by Christian C. EMIG – April, 28 2008 from the cited references
SUPRALITTORAL
MUDS Biocenosis of beaches with slow-drying wracks under glassworts SANDS Biocenosis of supralittoral sands Facies of sands without vegetation, with scattered debris Facies of depressions with residual humidity Facies of quickly-drying wracks Facies of tre truncks which have been washed ashore Facies of phanerogams which have been washed ashore (upper part) STONES and GRAVELS Biocenosis of slow-drying wrack HARD SUBSTRATES and ROCKS Biocenosis of supralittoral rock Association with Entophysalis deusta and Verrucaria amphibia Pools with variable salinity (mediolittoral enclave)
MEDIOLITTORAL
MUDS, SANDY MUDS and SANDS Biocenosis of muddy sands and muds Association with halophytes Facies of saltworks SANDS Biocenosis of mediolittoral sands Facies with Ophelia bicornis STONE and GRAVELS Biocenosis of mediolittoral coarse detritic bottoms Facies of banks of dead leaves of Posidonia oceanica and other phanerogams HARD SUBSTRATES and ROCKS Biocenosis of the upper mediolittoral rock Association with Bangia atropurpurea Association with Porphyra leucosticta Association with Nemalion helminthoiof and Rissoella verruculosa Association with Lithophyllum papillosum and Polysiphonia spp Biocenosis of the lower mediolittoral rock Association with Lithophyllum lichenoides (= Cornice of L. tortuosum) Association with Lithophyllum byssoides Association with Tenarea undulosa Association with Ceramium ciliatum and Corallina elongata Facies with Pollicipes cornucopiae Association with Enteromorpha compressa Association with Fucus virsoides Neogoniolithon brassica-florida concretion Association with Gelidium spp Pools and lagons sometimes associated with vermetids (infralittoral enclave) Mediolittoral caves Association with Phymatolithon lenormandii and Hildenbrandia rubra
INFRALITTORAL
SANDY MUDS, SANDS, GRAVELS and ROCKS in EURYHALINE and EURYTHERMAL ENVIRONMENT Euryhaline and eurythermal biocenosis (BEE) Association with Ruppia cirrhosa and/or Ruppia maritima Facies with Ficopomatus enigmaticus Association with Potamogeton pectinatus Association with Zostera noltii in euryhaline and eurythermal environment Association with Zostera marina in euryhaline and eurythermal environment Association with Gracilaria spp Association with Chaetomorpha linum and Valonia aegagropila Association with Halopithys incurva Association with Ulva laetevirens and Enteromorpha linza Association with Cystoseira barbata Association with Lamprothamnium papulosum Association with Cladophora echinus and Rytiphloea tinctoria FINE SANDS MORE or LESS MUDDY Biocenosis of fine sands in shallow waters (SFHN) Facies with Lentidium mediterraneum Biocenosis of well-sorted fine sands (SFBC) Association with Cymodocea nodosa on well sorted fine sands Association with Halophila stipulacea Biocenosis of superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters (SVMC) Facies with Callianassa tyrrhena and Kellia corbuloides Facies with freshwater resurgences with Cerastoderma glaucum, Cyathura carinata Facies with Loripes lacteus and Tapes spp Association with Cymodocea nodosa on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters Association with Zostera noltii on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters Association with Caulerpa prolifera on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters Facies of hydrothermal oozes with Cyclope neritea and nematodes COARSE SANDS MORE or LESS MUDDY Biocenosis of coarse sands and fine gravels mixed by waves Association with rhodolithes Biocenosis of coarse sands and fine gravels under bottom currents (SGCF) (also found in the Circalittoral) Maërl facies (= Association with Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum) (can also be found as facies of the biocenosis of coastal detritic) Association with rhodolithes STONES and GRAVELS Biocenosis of infralittoral pebbles Facies with Gouania wildenowi Biocenosis of Posidonia oceanica meadow (HP) (= Association with Posidonia oceanica) Ecomorphosis of stripped meadows Ecomorphosis of « barrier reef » meadows Facies of dead « mattes » of Posidonia oceanica Association with Caulerpa prolifera HARD SUBSTRATES and ROCKS Biocenosis of infralittoral algae (AP) Overgrazed facies with encrusting algae and sea urchins Association with Cystoseira amentacea (var. amentacea, var. stricta, var. spicata) Facies with vermetids Facies with Mytilus galloprovincialis Association with Corallina elongata and Herposiphonia secunda Association with Corallina officinalis Association with Codium vermilara and Rhodymenia ardissonei Association with Dasycladus vermicularis Association with Alsidium helminthochorton Association with Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Saccorhiza polyschides Association with Gelidium spinosum hystrix Association with Lobophora variegata Association with Ceramium rubrum Facies with Cladocora caespitosa Association with Cystoseira brachycarpa Association with Cystoseira crinita Association with Cystoseira crinitophylla Association with Cystoseira sauvageauana Association with Cystoseira spinosa Association with Sargassum vulgare Association with Dictyopteris polypodioides Association with Calpomenia sinuosa Association with Stypocaulon scoparium (=Halopteris scoparia) Association with Trichosolen myura and Liagora farinosa Association with Cystoseira compressa Association with Pterocladiella capillacea and Ulva laetevirens Facies with large hydrozoans Association with Pterothamnion crispum and Compsothamnion thuyoides Association with Schottera nicaeensis Association with Rhodymenia ardissonei and Rhodophyllis divaricata Facies with Astroides calycularis Association with Flabellia petiolata and Peyssonnelia squamaria Association with Halymenia floresia and Halarachnion ligulatum Association with Peyssonnelia rubra and Peyssonnelia spp Facies and association of the coralligenous biocenosis (in enclave)
CIRCALITTORAL
MUDS Biocenosis of coastal terrigenous muds (VTC) Facies of soft muds with Turritella tricarinata communis Facies of sticky muds with Virgularia mirabilis and Pennatula phosphorea Facies of sticky muds with Alcyonium palmatum and Stichopus regalis SANDS Biocenosis of the muddy detritic bottom (DE) Facies with Ophiothrix quinquemaculata Biocenosis the coastal detritic bottom (DC) Association with rhodolithes Maerl facies (Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatholithon calcareum) Association with Peyssonnelia rosa-marina Association with Arthrocladia villosa Association with Osmundaria volubilis Association with Kallymenia patens Association with Laminaria rodriguezii on detritic Facies with Ophiura texturata Facies with Synascidies Facies with large bryozoans Biocenosis of coarse sands and fine gravels under the influence of bottom currents (SGCF) (can be found in the Infralittoral) HARD SUBSTRATES and ROCKS Coralligenous biocenosis (C) Association with Cystoseira zosteroides Association with Cystoseira usneoides Association with Cystoseira dubia Association with Cystoseira corniculata Association with Sargassum spp Association with Mesophyllum lichenoides Association with Lithophyllum frondosum and Halimeda tuna Association with Laminaria ochroleuca Association with Rodriguezella strafforelli Facies with Eunicella cavolinii Facies with Eunicella singularis Facies with Lophogorgia sarmentosa Facies with Paramuricea clavata Facies with Parazoanthus axinellae Facies with Parazoanthus axinellae Semi-dark caves (also in enclave in the Infralittoral) Facies with Corallium rubrum Facies with Leptosammia pruvoti
BATHYAL
MUDS Biocenosis of muds of bathyal superior (VBS) (hypothetic) Biocenosis of (bathyal) deep-sea muds (VP) Facies of sandy muds with Thenea muricata Facies of fluid muds with Brissopsis lyrifera Facies soft muds with Funiculina quadrangularis and Apporhais seressianus Facies of compact muds with Isidella elongata Facies with Pheronema grayi SANDS Biocenosis of shelf-edge detritic bottom (DL) Biocenosis of bathyal detritic sands (SDB) Facies of Neolampas rostellata HARD SUBSTRATES and ROCKS Biocenosis of offshore rocks (RL) Biocenosis of deep-sea (white) corals (CB) Facies of Errina aspera and Pachylasma giganteum Community of deep-sea cold-vent (hydrothermal vent)
ABYSSAL
MUDS Biocenosis of the abyssal mud (VA)
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