◄ Carnets Geol. 18 (12) ►
Outline:
[Introduction]
[The TPB and the collecting sites]
[The gastropod and bivalve types from Santa Giustina and Sassello]
[Conclusions] and ...
[Bibliographic references]
DISTAV - Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa, 26 - I - 16132 Genova (Italy)
DISTAV - Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa, 26 - I - 16132 Genova (Italy)
DISTAV - Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa, 26 - I - 16132 Genova (Italy)
Published online in final form (pdf) on September 21, 2018
DOI 10.4267/2042/68549
[Scientific editor: Daniela Basso;
technical editor: Bruno Granier;
language editor: Stephen Eager]
The present paper examines the type specimens of the bivalve and gastropod taxa described by Gaetano Rovereto in the years 1897-1914 coming from the Oligocene rocks of Santa Giustina and Sassello areas (Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin, Central Liguria, NW Italy). These taxa are part of the "Collezione BTP" (BTP Collection) housed at the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita - DISTAV - of the Università di Genova. The collecting sites reported in the Rovereto's papers and indicated on labels have been reinvestigated in the field. 22 taxa (6 gastropods and 16 bivalves) are revised and re-documented; 6 have been recognized as younger synonyms of other species, the others are valid taxa. The majority of this fauna is restricted to the Oligocene time and to the Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
• Rovereto;
• bivalve and gastropod type-material;
• Oligocene;
• NW Italy
Bonci M.C., Dabove G.M. & Piazza M. (2018).- The Oligocene mollusc types of Gaetano Rovereto from Santa Giustina and Sassello (NW Italy).- Carnets Geol., Madrid, vol. 18, no. 12, p. 281-303.
Les types des mollusques oligocènes de Gaetano Rovereto provenant de Santa Giustina et Sassello (NW Italie).- Ce travail examine les spécimens types des taxons de bivalves et de gastéropodes décrits par Gaetano Rovereto de 1897 à 1914, provenant des roches oligocènes de Santa Giustina et Sassello (Formation de Molare, Bassin Tertiaire du Piémont, Ligurie centrale, Italie du nord-ouest). Ces taxons font partie de la "Collezione BTP" (Collection BTP) hébergée dans le Département des Sciences de la Terre, de l'Environnement et de la Vie - DISTAV - de l'Université de Gênes. Les sites de collecte indiqués dans les publications de Rovereto et mentionnés sur les étiquettes ont fait l'objet de nouvelles recherches sur le terrain. 22 taxons (6 gastéropodes et 16 bivalves) sont ici révisés et documentés, dont 6 ont été reconnus comme synonymes plus récents d'autres espèces ; les autres sont des taxons valides. La majeure partie de cette faune est restreinte à l'Oligocène et au Bassin Tertiaire du Piémont.
• Rovereto ;
• matériel-type de bivalves et gastéropodes ;
• Oligocène ;
• Italie du nord-ouest
This paper deals with the taxonomic revision of Oligocene mollusc types erected by Gaetano Rovereto (geologist and palaeontologist of the Genoa University) in the years 1897-1914. These faunas that were collected in the Santa Giustina and Sassello areas have received little attention in recent times, therefore they are scarcely known, if not forgotten, and their systematic position requires a complete review. These types (Table 1) are part of the Collezione BTP (BTP Collection) housed at the Museo di Paleontologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università di Genova. The name of the Collection is the acronym of "Bacino Terziario del Piemonte" (Tertiary Piedmont Basin, the geological unit in which the specimens were collected). The complicated history of this collection has been recently reconstructed by Bonci et al. (2014), who also compiled the complete list of the Rovereto's molluscan taxa. During the revision of another paleontological collection housed at the DISTAV the type of Fusus (Aptyxis) nimbatus Rovereto, 1914, deemed lost by Bonci et al. (2014), was found (Table 1).
Table 1: List of mollusc taxa described by Rovereto (1897, 1898, 1900, 1914) coming from Santa Giustina and Sassello areas and preserved in the BTP Collection.
| Original name in Rovereto (1897, 1898, 1900, 1914) | New name | Catalog number |
| Gastropoda | ||
| Fusus (Aptyxis) nimbatus Rovereto, 1914 | Gourmya nimbata (Rovereto, 1914) | 2976/Sa-II-S 195 |
| Tritonium (Ranularia) semifucosum Rovereto, 1914 | Cymatium (Ranularia) semifucosum (Rovereto, 1914) | 1175/Sa-II-S 12 |
| Melongena laxecarinata Michtt. var. depromta Rovereto, 1914 | Melongena laxecarinata (Michelotti, 1861) | 1158/Sa-V-SG 89 |
| Melongena laxecarinata Michtt. var. praepilata Rovereto, 1914 | Melongena laxecarinata (Michelotti, 1861) | 1178/Sa-II-S 15 1178/Sa-II-S 196 |
| Melongena (Myristica) basilica Bell. var. Justinensis Rovereto, 1900 = Melongena basilica Bell. var. justinensis Rovereto, 1914 | Volema basilica (Bellardi, 1872) | 1177/Sa-II-S 14 |
| Pleurotoma thalassina Rovereto, 1914 | Cryptoconus thalassinus (Rovereto, 1914) | 1176/Sa-II-S 13 |
| Bivalvia | ||
| Limopsis turgida Rovereto, 1898 | Limopsis (Pectunculina) turgida Rovereto, 1898 | 1167/Sa-II-S 4 |
| Ostrea (Ostrea) caudata Münst. var. meridionalis Rovereto, 1897 = Ostrea (Ostrea) meridionalis Rovereto, 1900 | Ostrea (Ostrea) meridionalis Rovereto, 1900 | 1086/Sa-V-SG 17 |
| Ostrea (Ostrea) statiellorum Rovereto, 1897 | Ostrea (Ostrea) statiellorum Rovereto, 1897 | 1088/Sa-V-SG 19a 1088/Sa-V-SG 19b 1088/Sa-V-SG 19c |
| Ostrea (Ostrea) ventilabrum Goldf. var. crebricosta Rovereto, 1897 | Crassostrea crebricosta (Rovereto, 1897) | 1089/Sa-V-SG 20 |
| Ostrea (Alectryonia) prestentina Rovereto, 1897 | Hyotissa prestentina (Rovereto, 1897) | 2067/Sa-II-S 163 2067/Sa-II-S 163bis |
| Pecten arcuatus Brocchi var. stricta Rovereto, 1898 | Pecten arcuatus (Brocchi, 1814) | 1077/Sa-V-SG 8 |
| Chlamys ventilabrum Goldf. var. oligocenica Rovereto, 1898 | Aequipecten oligocenicus (Rovereto, 1898) | 1169/Sa-II-S 6 |
| Spondylus ? hastatus Rovereto, 1897 = Spondylus hastatus Rovereto, 1900 | Spondylus (Spondylus) hastatus Rovereto, 1900 | 1170/Sa-II-S 7 |
| Crassatella gigantea Rovereto, 1898 | Crassatella gigantea Rovereto, 1898 | 1098/Sa-V-SG 29 |
| Cyprina oncodes Rovereto, 1898 = Cypriniadea oncodes Rovereto, 1900 | Arctica oncodes (Rovereto, 1898) | 3106/M-III-M 20 |
| Chama tongriana Rovereto, 1898 | Chama tongriana Rovereto, 1898 | 792/SM-VI-P 169 907/M-I-S 16 1744/SM-VI-P 75 1745/SM-VI-P 76 2863/M-3-M 101 |
| Cyrena strangulata Rovereto, 1898 | Polymesoda convexa (Brongniart, 1822) | 1100/Sa-V-SG 34 2874/M-III-M 112 |
| Syndesmya intermedia Rovereto, 1898 | Abra rossii nomen novum | 1172/Sa-II-S 9 |
| Diplodonta alepis Rovereto, 1898 | Diplodonta alepis Rovereto, 1898 | 1181/Sa-II-S 18 |
| Jouannetia avellanaria Rovereto, 1914 | Jouannetia (Jouannetia) tournoueri Locard, 1877 | 2089bis/Sa-II-S 185 2089/Sa-II-S 185 |
| Thracia stenochora Rovereto, 1898 | Thracia stenochora Rovereto, 1898 | 908/OV-III-C 1 |
The TPB is a late- to post-orogenic basin located in the inner part of
the arcuate belt of the Western and Ligurian Alps (Gelati & Gnaccolini,
1988; Mutti et al., 1995; Giglia
et al., 1996; Capponi et
al., 2001, 2009; Federico et
al., 2015, and references therein). The basin deposits unconformably overlie
the tectonic pile resulting from the main alpine orogenic deformation phases and
include non-marine to marine sediments (upper Eocene? - upper Miocene) (Lorenz,
1969; Gelati & Gnaccolini,
1988; Mutti et
al., 1995; Bonci et al.,
2011, 2014, 2017; Quaranta et al.,
2009a, 2009b; Gelati et al.,
2010; Capponi
et al., 2013, Federico et
al., 2015, and reference therein). In the Sassello and Santa Giustina areas,
the sedimentation starts with slope and scree (Fig. 1 
, CRA) and fine to very
coarse siliciclastic alluvial fan and river plain deposits, which grade upward
to fan-delta/shallow marine sandstone and conglomerate (Fig. 1 , MOR). These
bodies are overlain by marine shallow-water fine to coarse grained siliciclastic
sediments and local reef limestones (Fig. 1 , MORt). Fine to medium sandstone
followed by siltstone and marly siltstone (Fig. 1 , MORm) overlie the MORt
facies. MORm deposits record a deepening phase that reached its maximum with the
deposition of silty sandstone, siltstone and marl, in which sandstone and
conglomerate lenticular bodies are interbedded (Fig. 1 , RTM). For more detailed
information about the geology of the Santa Giustina and Sassello areas refer to Lorenz
(1969), Fravega et al.
(1987); Quaranta
et al. (2009a, 2009b), Bonci et
al. (2011, 2014, 2017), Capponi et
al. (2013), Federico et al.
(2015), and reference therein.
|
Figure 1:
Simplified geologic map of Santa Giustina and Sassello areas,
modified
from Capponi et al. (2013) and Federico
et al. (2015), with location of
rediscovered collecting sites (G1= Salita a M. Prà longo, G2= Monte Prà longo, G3= Forte del Giovo o
Forte Moglie, G4= Le Ciappe, S1= Battella, S2= Case Cappelletta, S3= Case
Bergiura, S4= Case Gei, S5= Rio Zunini). |
The survey performed by the present authors in the Santa Giustina and
Sassello areas (Fig. 1 ) allowed us to rediscover the majority of the historical
sites, that are described below. These sites exhibit
stratigraphic features that perfectly fit with those of the Molare Formation
(MOR, MORt, MORm, Oligocene) as summarized above and recently reported on by Capponi
et al. (2013) and Federico et
al. (2015).
As stated by Rovereto's original handwritten labels and papers
(1897, 1898, 1900, 1914), the mollusc types of the Santa Giustina area are from
four collecting sites (Fig. 1 ): G1) Salita a M. Prà longo, G2) Monte Prà
longo, G3) Forte del Giovo o Forte Moglie, and G4) Le Ciappe, for which the
geologic information obtained from the field trips undertaken by the present
authors or from the literature are summarized below.
G1) Salita a M. Prà longo - southern slope of Bric Ciasu (N 44°25'16'', E 8°29'38.8'', 410 m a.s.l.). Poorly exposed fossiliferous coarse sandstones in which pluridecimetric marly sandstone and conglomerate lenses are interbedded; the fossil content includes molluscan fragments; no age-diagnostic fossils are present.
G2) M. Prà longo - unnamed crest close to Bric Ciasu (N 44°25'21.9'', E 8°28'33'', 462 m a.s.l.). Poorly exposed fossiliferous coarse sandstone and fine to medium conglomerate lenses; the fossil content includes molluscs but no other age diagnostic fossils.
G3) Forte del Giovo or Forte Moglie - Fort Giovo aka Fort Moglie (N 44°25'54'', E 8°28'38'', 540 m a.s.l.). This outcrop, briefly described by Lorenz (1969), is composed of sandstones with interbedded conglomerate lenses, grading upward to silty and marly sandstones. The fossil content includes molluscs and larger foraminifera, among which abundant Operculina complanata (Defrance, 1822) and rare Nummulites fichteli Michelotti, 1841, and Eulepidina sp.; Lorenz (1969) recorded the presence of Eulepidina dilatata (Michelotti, 1861). The larger foraminifera assemblage points to a SB22 - lower SB23 Zone assignment, i.e., a late Rupelian - early Chattian age (according to Cahuzac & Poignant, 1997).
G4) Le Ciappe (N 44°25'40'', E 8°28'48'', 420 m a.s.l.). This is a well-known section, already described by Issel (1885, 1892), Rovereto (1914), Lorenz ( 1969), Quaranta et al. (2009a), Quaranta et al. (2009b), and Bonci et al. (2011). According to these authors, this section is Rupelian in age. It demonstrates the Oligocene pre-transgressive and transgressive phase of the TPB, including alluvial fan, river plain and lacustrine very fine to very coarse grained siliciclastic deposits grading upwards to fan-delta and brackish water sandstone and conglomerate. The latter are overlain by beach to shallow sublittoral siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate interbedded by rare small branching coral reefal deposits.
According to Rovereto's original handwritten labels and papers
(1897, 1898, 1900, 1914), the mollusc types of the Sassello basin are from six
localities (Fig. 1 ): S1) Battella, S2) Case Cappelletta, S3) Case Bergiura, S4)
Case Gei, S5) Rio Zunini, and S6) Case Sacchetta, for which the geologic
information obtained from the field trips performed by the present authors or
from the literature are summarized below.
S1) Battella (N 44°29'31", E 8°30'18", 384 m a.s.l.): the section has a total thickness of 140 cm and is made of medium bedded, well sorted, slightly bioturbated, fine sandstone with silty clayey matrix and carbonate cement. The individual beds exhibit a wavy discontinuous lamination. The fossil content includes echinoid spines, coral fragments, bivalve and gastropod shells and moulds (pectinids, glycymerids, turritellids), larger foraminifera, and coalified plant remains. These rocks have yielded a large number of specimens of Nummulites fichteli, supporting the SB21 Zone assignment, i.e., an early-middle Rupelian age (Cahuzac & Poignant, 1997).
S2) Case Cappelletta: this toponym is probably a writing error of Rovereto due to the misunderstanding of the dialectal name of the locality. The real name might be Case Capè, a group of old cottages where few small outcrops of terrestrial to shallow marine deposits are present (N 44°29'36", E 8°30'29", 432 m a.s.l.).
S3) Case Bergiura, nowadays named Case Bergera (N 44°29'11", E 8°30'05", 430 m a.s.l.): the lithostratigraphic section (total thickness about 240 cm) is made of medium bedded, polymict, coarse conglomerate followed by poorly stratified, medium sorted, medium to coarse sandstone with silty matrix and carbonate cement. These rocks have yielded bivalve and gastropod shells together with moulds and coalified leaf remains, without biostratigraphic value.
S4) Case Gei, now named Case Moglie di Gè (N 44°29'15", E 8°29'07", 420 m a.s.l.): the section (thickness about 13 m) is made of poorly bedded, strongly burrowed marly-sandy siltstone with wavy discontinuous lamination. The fossil content includes abundant bryozoans, very abundant bivalve shells and moulds (pholadomyids, pectinids, cardiids, veneriids, teredinids), and coalified plant remains.
S5) Rio Zunini, also known as Ponte Prina (N 44°29'54", E 8°29'53", 370 m a.s.l.): this is a classical fossiliferous locality of the Sassello area. According to Lorenz (1969), Fravega et al. (1987), Quaranta et al. (2009a, 2009b) the section (total thickness of about 13 m) is late Rupelian - early Chattian in age and represents the base of the Molare Formation. It unconformably overlies the serpentinites of the Voltri Unit. The succession is made of coarse conglomerate interbedded with sandy lenses and coral buildups followed by coarse sandstone and fine conglomerate with scattered coral colonies. Upwards it grades to rhythmic alternation of thin to medium thick strata of calcarenite/hybrid arenite and coral/coralline algal limestone. The fossil content includes corals, mollusc shells and moulds, bryozoans, larger foraminifera (Nummulites fichteli and Eulepidina), and coralline algae.
S6) Case Sacchetta is not reported on the maps. A rural house with a very similar name, i.e., Case Sacchetto, is located close to the NW limit of the Sassello basin, but only metamorphic rocks are exposed. Therefore, it can be supposed that Case Sacchetta apparently represents a different, but unknown locality.
The classification scheme here adopted is that proposed by Bouchet et al. (2005, 2010). Additional sources were Cox (1960), Cox et al. (1969a, 1969b), Stenzel (1971), Harry (1985), CLEMAM, Fossilworks, and WoRMS that also provide useful taxonomic and nomenclatural information.
Measurements on gastropod shells are according to Pedriali and Robba (2005): H = shell height, D = maximum diameter, SH = spire height, AH = aperture height, AW = aperture width, SA = spire angle. Measurements on bivalve shells according to Berezovsky (2015a) are: L = valve length, H = valve height, C = valve convexity, EE = elongation extent (= H/L), CE = convexity extent (= C/H), A = apical angle.
Class Gastropoda Cuvier, 1795
Subclass Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960
Unassigned order
Superfamily Cerithioidea Fleming, 1822
Family Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822
Subfamily Cerithiinae Fleming, 1822
Genus Gourmya Fischer, 1884
Gourmya nimbata (Rovereto, 1914)
(Fig. 2.A-B )
1914 Fusus (Aptyxis) nimbatus Rovereto, p. 128, Pl. III, fig. 1.
Type material: One partially preserved shell, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 2976/Sa-II-S 195.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Fusiform, dextral, stocky shell; three whorls counting spire. Apical whorls, aperture, and neck lacking; partially abraded. Body whorl covering 1/3 of the entire shell. Sculpture: evenly spaced, fine, irregular, close-packed spiral riblets; one spiral of prominent, evenly spaced, rounded nodes on the middle part of the whorl and a second one spiral of faint nodes on the body whorl. Suture undulated and impressed. Size: H= about 42.61 mm; D= about 28.36 mm; SH= 24.48 mm; AH= not measurable; AW= not measurable; SA= about 43°.
Remarks: We assigned this species to the genus Gourmya Fischer, 1884, because the observable morpho-dimensional characters are very similar to those of the stout, moderately ornamented members of Gourmya discussed by Cossmann and Peyrot (1921), Lozouet et al. (2001) and Harzhauser (2007). In this regard, it should be noted that the morphology, but not dimensions, are also comparable to that reported on by Russo (2015) for the genus Aptyxis Troschel, 1868.
The species in hand parallels Gourmya tuberosa (Grateloup, 1847), but differs in having more pronounced nodes and spiral riblets.
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Order Neogastropoda Wenz, 1938
Superfamily Tonnoidea Suter, 1913
Family Ranellidae Gray, 1854
Subfamily Cymatiinae Iredale, 1913
Genus Cymatium Röding, 1798
Subgenus Ranularia Schumacher, 1817
Cymatium (Ranularia) semifucosum (Rovereto, 1914)
(Fig. 2.C-D )
1914 Tritonium (Ranularia) semifucosum Rovereto, p. 136, Pl. IV, fig. 6.
1997 Cymatium semifucosum (Rovereto), Bonci et al., p. 40, Pl. 1, figs. 1a-b.
Type material: One shell, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1175/Sa-II-S 12.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Fusiform, medium sized, dextral shell with angular whorls and long anterior canal; inner lip encrusted by sediments; apex, outer lip, and basal part of the anterior canal lacking. Three whorls counting spire. Body whorl covering 2/3 of the entire shell. Sculpture of the spire: three spiral riblets on the sutural ramp and two bold, nodulose, spiral ribs on the abapycal part (the upper forms the shoulder); sculpture of the body whorl: three spiral riblets on the sutural ramp and six bold, large, evenly spaced spiral ribs with small nodules. Suture linear, impressed. Aperture elongate-ovate. Size: H= about 26.00 mm; D= 21.65 mm; SH= about 12.00 mm; AH= about 13.00 mm; AW= about 10.00 mm; SA= 83°.
Remarks: The allocation of this species into Cymatium (Ranularia) Schumacher, 1817, only hypothesised by Bonci et al. (1997), is here confirmed on the basis of the subgenus description reported on by Beu (1986). The bulk of characters of this species enables to distinguish it from all the other Oligocene species of Cymatium.
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Superfamily Buccinoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Family Melongenidae Gill, 1871
Subfamily Melongeninae Gill, 1871
Genus Melongena Schumacher, 1817
Melongena laxecarinata (Michelotti, 1861)
(Fig. 2.E-F )
1861 Fusus laxecarinatus Michelotti, p. 181, Pl. XII, figs. 11-12.
1914 Melongena laxecarinata Michtt. var. depromta Rovereto, p. 131, Pl. IV, fig. 3; Pl. V, fig. 1.
Type material: One shell, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1158/Sa-V-SG 89.
Type locality: Santa Giustina (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Remarks: Size: H= 132.00 mm; D= 72,00 mm; SH= 58,00 mm; AH= 74.00 mm; AW= 43.00 mm; SA= 67°. According to Rovereto (1914), this variety differs from the species s.s. being elongated and spindle-shaped and in having a sculpture characterized by almost knotty, heavy radial ribs alternating with light radial riblets, interrupted by longitudinal ribs. But these characters are to be considered within the variability of the species Melongena laxecarinata because they are more or less evident in all specimens of this species coming from Santa Giustina and preserved in the BTP Collection (about 35 shells), as well as in those figured in literature (e.g., Michelotti, 1861; Boussac, 1911; Lorenz, 1967). Therefore, we consider this variety an invalid taxon. As regards the assignment to the genus Melongena, we concur with Vermeij and Raven (2009, p. 115) when they state: "Further work may show that the Oligocene and Miocene species of the Old World that have been assigned to Melongena ... should be separated as a separate genus or subgenus. For now, however, we continue to use the generic name Melongena in the broad sense for both the New World lineage ... and for the fossil species from Europe and Asia".
Distribution: Oligocene: Santa Giustina (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Melongena laxecarinata (Michelotti, 1861)
1861 Fusus laxecarinatus Michelotti, p. 181, Pl. XII, gig. 11-12.
1914 Melongena laxecarinata Michtt. var. praepilata Rovereto, p. 131, Pl. V, figs. 2-2a.
1967 Melongena laxecarinata Michtt. var. praepilata Rovereto, Lorenz, p. A90.
1997 Pugilina (Pugilina) laxecarinata (Michelotti), Bonci et al., p. 50 and 52, Pl. 2, figs. 1a-b, 3a-b).
Type material: Two shells: 1178/Sa-II-S 15 (lectotype, here designated) and 1178/Sa-II-S 196 (paralectotype). The original labels have been lost.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Remarks: Lectotype size: H= about 65.50 mm; D=63,30 mm, spines included; SH= about 34,50 mm; AH= about 31.00 mm; SA= 41°, spines excluded. Rovereto (1914) states that this variety differs from the species s.s. in having on the main whorl elongated, irregular, recurved, and roughly scaly knots developed close to the suture and on the minor whorls inconspicuous knots partially covered by the sutural ramp of the main whorl. But these characters are within the variability of the species Melongena laxecarinata, being more or less present in all specimens of this species preserved in the BTP Collection. Therefore, we consider invalid this variety. With respect to the allocation in the genus Melongena, we agree with Vermeij and Raven (2009, p. 115).
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
|
Figure
2:
Rovereto's gastropod taxa. Scale bars = 1 cm. A-B:
Gourmya nimbata (Rovereto,
1914) - holotype, 2976/Sa-II-S 195. C-D: Cymatium (Ranularia) semifucosum (Rovereto,
1914) - holotype, 1175/Sa-II-S 12. E- F: Melongena laxecarinata (Michelotti, 1861) - holotype,
1158/Sa-V-SG 89. G-H, I-J: Melongena
laxecarinata (Michelotti, 1861) - lectotype, 1178/Sa-II-S 15 (G-H);
paralectotype, 1178/Sa-II-S 196 (I-J). |
Genus Volema Röding, 1788
Volema basilica (Bellardi, 1872)
(Fig. 3.A-B )
1872 Myristica basilica Bellardi p. 158-159, Pl. X, figs. 4-5.
1900 Melongena (Myristica) basilica Bell. var. Justinensis Rovereto, p. 171.
1904 Melongena basilica var. justinensis Rover., Sacco, p. 32.
1914 Melongena basilica Bell. var. justinensis Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 130, Pl. IV, fig. 1
1995 Galeodes (Volema) basilica (Bellardi, 1872), Bonci & Cirone, p. 554-557, Figs. 1-3.
1997 Volema basilica (Bellardi, 1872), Bonci et al., p. 48-50, Pl. 1, figs 9a-c.
Type material: One shell, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1177/Sa-II-S 14.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Remarks: Size: H= 93.84 mm; D= 100,93 mm; SH= 18,57 mm; AH= 75.27 mm; AW= 57.30 mm; SA= 121°. Rovereto (1900) described the variety on the basis of an unspecified number of specimens collected at Santa Giustina, Mioglia and Sassello, but not figured any specimen. Rovereto (1914) redescribed this variety, figured one specimen, and included only Sassello in the list of the collecting sites. In any case, the materials from Mioglia and Santa Giustina are lost and only one fossil from Sassello (figured by Rovereto, 1914) is present in the Collection. Lorenz (1967, p. A91) included the var. justinensis in the synonymy list of the species M. basilica, but not justifies his decision. According to Rovereto (1914), this variety differs from the species s.s. in having a more acute spire, a row of pointed and protruding nodes close to the suture. But these characters are to be considered within the variability of the species basilica, in fact they are more or less evident in all specimens of this species collected in the Oligocene BTP sedimentary rocks. Therefore, we consider this variety an invalid taxon. As regards the assignment to the genus Volema, we concur with Bonci et al. (1997).
Distribution: Oligocene: Santa Giustina, Sassello and Mioglia (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Superfamily Conoidea Fleming, 1822
Family Conidae Fleming, 1822
Subfamily Coninae Fleming, 1822
Genus Cryptoconus Koenen, 1867
Cryptoconus thalassinus (Rovereto, 1914)
(Fig. 3.C-D )
1914 Pleurotoma thalassina Rovereto, p. 125-126, Pl. II, figs. 8-8a.
1997 Cryptoconus thalassinus (Rovereto), Bonci et al., p. 42, Pl. 1, figs. 2a-b.
Type material: One shell, the original label has been lost, syntype 1176/Sa-II-S 13.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Biconical, dextral shell; three and half whorls counting spire. Apical whorls, outer lip, and neck's terminal part lacking; partially abraded. Spire higher than aperture. Slightly convex whorls. Body whorl convex in the adapical part and slightly inflated in the abapical part and covering 2/3 of the entire shell. Suture linear, impressed. Aperture elongate-ovate. Siphonal canal long and deep. Sculpture: evenly spaced, fine, regular spiral riblets on the abapical part of the body whorl. Size: H= about 25.20 mm; D= 10.90 mm; SH= about 13.35 mm; AH= 11.80 mm; AW= 4.60 mm; SA= 35°.
Remarks: Rovereto described and figured two specimens, one of which (Pl. II, fig. 8, the largest) has been lost, the other one (Pl. II, fig. 8a) is present in the Collection and is here considered. The allocation into the genus Cryptoconus Koenen, 1867, proposed by Bonci et al. (1997) is confirmed on the basis of the distinguishing characters suggested by Amitrov (2008). Moreover, we agree with Bonci et al. (1997) when state that the complex of features of this species allows to distinguish it from all the other Oligocene species of Cryptoconus.
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Class Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758
Subclass Autobranchia Grobben, 1894
Superorder Pteriomorphia Beurlen, 1944
Order Arcida Gray, 1854
Superfamily Limopsoidea Dall, 1895
Family Limopsidae Dall, 1895
Genus Limopsis Sassi, 1827
Subgenus Pectunculina Orbigny, 1843
Limopsis (Pectunculina) turgida Rovereto, 1898
(Fig. 3.E-F )
1898 Limopsis turgida Rovereto, p. 41.
1900 Limopsis turgida Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 82, Pl. V, fig. 9.
1904 Limopsis (Cosmetopsis an Pectunculina) turgida Rovereto, Sacco, p. 155, Pl. XXIX, fig. 21.
1911 Limopsis turgida Rovereto, Boussac, p. 80, Pl. XXI, figs. 1-4.
1921 Limopsis (Cosmetopsis) turgida Rovereto, Cossmann, p. 138-139, Pl. VII, figs. 57-60.
1997 Limopsis (Pectunculina) turgida Rovereto, Bonci et al., p. 42-43, Pl. 1, figs. 5a-b.
Type material: One double-valved external mould, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1167/Sa-II-S 4.
Type locality: Sassello, alla Battella (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: One moderately preserved double-valved external mould (the RV is better preserved); ventral margin partially broken, orbicular in shape with a little, prominent, orthogyrous umbo. Slightly inequilateral. Posterior and anterior margins rounded, cardinal margin straight. Cancellate ornamentation, with about 30 evenly spaced ribs. Size: L= 24.20 mm, H= 23.00 mm, C more inflated valve = 8.25 mm, EE= 0.95, CE= 0.36.
Remarks: This species was discussed and accepted by Cossmann (1921). A generic comparison is possible with the species described by Berezowski (2015a, 2015b) which clearly differ in having a higher EE and/or a lower CE, straight posterior and anterior margins, a higher number of ribs.
Distribution: Eocene: Biarritz (SW France), "Nummulitique". Oligocene: Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin); Aquitaine (France).
Order Ostreida Férussac, 1822
Superfamily Ostreoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Family Ostreidae Rafinesque, 1815
Subfamily Ostreinae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Ostrea Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Ostrea Linnaeus, 1758
Ostrea (Ostrea) meridionalis Rovereto, 1900
(Fig. 3.G )
1897 Ostrea (Ostrea) caudata Münst. var. meridionalis Rovereto, p. 12.
1897 Ostrea cfr. Cosmanni Dollf. var. oligoplicata Sacco, p. 12, Pl. III, figs. 31-35.
1900 Ostrea (Ostrea) meridionalis Rovereto, p. 47, Pl. I, fig. 7; Pl. II, figs. 6-7.
1904 Ostrea oligoplicata Sacco var. meridionalis Rovereto, Sacco, p. 135, Pl. XXVII, figs. 6-8.
1920 Ostrea oligoplicata Sacco var. meridionalis Rovereto, Lombardini, p. 22.
Type material: One lower valve, the original label has been lost, lectotype (here designated) 1086/Sa-V-SG 17.
Type locality: Santa Giustina (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Well preserved, convex, oval and slightly crescentically curved lower valve, with a large, oval, strongly concave, attachment area; the lower valve is infilled by sediments that form the internal mould of the upper valve. Triangular, longer than high ligamental area. Few, inconspicuous chomata (observable only on the posterior margin). Sculpture: about 40, fine, rounded, evenly distributed, radiating ribs. Size: L= 38.00 mm, H= 38.00 mm, C= 21.00 mm, EE= 1.0, CE= 0.55.
Remarks: Rovereto (1897) claims to have specimens from Santa Giustina, Sassello and Pareto, and in his subsequent paper (Rovereto, 1900) he figures one specimen from Santa Giustina (preserved in Collection, the lectotype here designated) and other two specimens of unknown provenance (Pl. II, figs. 6-7) that are lost as well as the other specimens.
The Rovereto's taxon exhibits some similarity with: a) Ostrea ventilabrum Goldfuss, 1826-1833 - for comparisons see also Woźny (1977) - but differs in having finer and evenly spaced ribs, greater number of ribs, larger attachment area, turned umbo, and for the lacking of the typical sinuate anterior margin; b) Ostrea (Ostrea) statiellorum Rovereto, 1897 - for comparisons see also this paper - but differs in having a larger attachment area, smaller number of ribs, which are never dichotomous.
Distribution: Oligocene: Santa Giustina, Sassello, Pareto, Carcare, Dego, Cassinelle (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin); Aquitanian: Osoppo (NE Italy), Preplans Sandstone.
Ostrea (Ostrea) statiellorum Rovereto, 1897
(Fig. 3.H-I )
1897 Ostrea (Ostrea) statiellorum Rovereto, p. 13.
1900 Ostrea (Ostrea) Statiellorum Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 50, Pl. I, figs. 5-5b.
1904 Ostrea (Ostrea) Statiellorum Rovereto, Sacco, p. 136, Pl. XXVII, fig. 3.
Type material: One lower valve, lectotype (here designated) 1088/Sa-V-SG 19a. Paralectotypes: 1088/Sa-V-SG 19b and 19c, two lower valves. The original labels have been lost.
Type locality: Santa Giustina (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Poorly preserved, convex, subcircular lower valve, with a large, oval, strongly concave, attachment area. Rostrate and pointed umbo. Triangular, longer than high ligamental area. Ostreine chomata occur along the margin near the hinge. Reniform muscle scar. Sculpture: probably about 60, fine, rounded, evenly distributed, radiating, partially dichotomous, ribs (the number of ribs is inferred on the base of the counting of 20 ribs on a third of the shell). Size: L= 50.00 mm, H= 47.00 mm, C= 15.00 mm, EE= 0.94, CE= 0.32.
Remarks: Rovereto (1897) studied some specimens collected at Santa Giustina, three of which were figured (Rovereto, 1900) and are present in the Collection (i.e., the lectotype= Pl. I, fig. 5a, the paralectotypes= Pl. I, figs. 5 and 5b). Comparing the specimen 1088/Sa-V-SG 19c with the photograph of Rovereto (Pl. I, fig. 5b), it can be noted that it has been damaged, lacking about a third of the shell.
The Rovereto's taxon exhibits a moderate similarity with: a) Ostrea ventilabrum Goldfuss, 1826-1833 - see also Woźny (1977) - but differs in having more numerous, finer and evenly spaced ribs, larger attachment area, and for the absence of the typical half-moon shaped anterior margin; b) Ostrea (Ostrea) meridionalis Rovereto, 1897 - see also this paper - but differs in having a smaller attachment area, more numerous and partially dichotomous ribs, rostrate and pointed umbo.
Distribution: Oligocene: Santa Giustina (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Subfamily Crassostreinae Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1979
Genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897
Crassostrea crebricosta (Rovereto, 1897)
(Fig. 3.J )
1897 Ostrea (Ostrea) ventilabrum Goldf. var. crebricosta Rovereto, p. 12.
1900 Ostrea (Ostrea) ventilabrum Goldf. var. crebricosta Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 49, non Pl. I, fig. 6.
1904 Ostrea (Ostrea) ventilabrum Goldf. var. crebricosta Rovereto, Sacco, p. 136, non Pl. XXVII, fig. 2.
Type material: One lower valve, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1089/Sa-V-SG 20.
Type locality: Santa Giustina (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Well preserved, convex, suboval lower valve, with a moderately large, oval, flat, attachment area; backwards turned, rounded umbo. No chomata. Probably reniform muscle scar. Sculpture: about 50, fine, narrow, evenly distributed, slightly scaly, radiating ribs. A fragment of the RV, lamellose and without ribs, is preserved in the cavity of the lower valve. Size: L= 56.00 mm, H= 64.00 mm, C= 25.00 mm, EE= 1.14, CE= 0.39.
Remarks: The specimen figured as Ostrea (Ostrea) ventilabrum var. crebricosta by Rovereto (1900, Pl. I, fig. 6) is not the one on which he erected the variety but a specimen of Ostrea (Ostrea) ventilabrum; Sacco (1904, Pl. XXVII, fig. 2) reported the same image. Therefore, the holotype of this taxon is figured for the first time in this paper. The Rovereto's taxon exhibits some similarity with: a) Ostrea ventilabrum Goldfuss, 1826-1833 - for comparisons see also Woźny (1977) - but differs in having finer and evenly spaced ribs, greater number of ribs, larger attachment area, turned umbo, and for the lacking of the typical sinuate anterior margin (half-moon shaped); b) Ostrea (Ostrea) meridionalis Rovereto, 1900 - for comparisons see also this paper - but differs in having smaller and flat attachment area and greater number of ribs; c) Ostrea (Ostrea) statiellorum Rovereto, 1897 - for comparisons see also this paper - but differs in having smaller and flat attachment area, lower number of ribs, and rounded umbo; d) Crassostrea cyatula (Lamarck, 1806) - for comparisons see also Goldfuss (1826-1833) and Hoşgör and Okan (2009) - but differs in having finer and regular ribs and greater number of ribs; e) Ostrea syrtica Cox, 1962, but differs in having greater number of ribs and much smaller attachment area. Since it does not match with any known species we raise the var. crebricosta to species rank and transfer it to Crassostrea because of the lacking of chomata.
Distribution: Oligocene: Santa Giustina and Tagliolo (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Family Gryphaeidae Vialov, 1936
Subfamily Pycnodonteinae Stenzel, 1971
Genus Hyotissa Stenzel, 1971
Hyotissa prestentina (Rovereto, 1897)
(Fig. 3.K-L )
1897 Ostrea (Alectryonia) prestentina Rovereto, p. 13-14.
1900 Ostrea (Alectryonia) prestentina Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 51.
1904 Alectrionia prestentina (Rovereto), Sacco, p. 137.
Type material: One double-valved shell, lectotype (here designated) 2067/Sa-II-S 163. Paralectotype: one double-valved shell, 2067/Sa-II-S 163bis. The original labels have been lost.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Well preserved double-valved shell. Lower valve infilled by sediments and with damaged margins, upper valve encrusted by oysters and sediments. Shell oval in shape, with a large, oval, concave, attachment area. Subcircular muscle scar. Subtriangular, longer than high ligamental area. Vermiculate chomata near the hinge, on the upper valve are also visible the lath chomata. Sculpture of the lower valve: about 13, irregular, unevenly distributed, radiating plicae; sculpture of the upper valve: weak, low undulations close to the margins. Size: L= 100.00 mm, H= 82.00 mm, C lower valve= about 30.00 mm, EE= 0.82, CE= about 0.37.
Remarks: The species is transferred to the genus Hyotissa Stenzel, 1971, according to the synopsis proposed by Harry (1985). This species is clearly different from any and all other Hyotissa described from the Eocene - lower Miocene European basins, because of the marked difference between the ornamentation of the upper and lower valve and the high number of ribs on the lower valve.
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello, Pareto, Giusvalla, Mioglia, and Reboaro (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Order Pectinida Gray, 1854
Superfamily Pectinoidea Rafinesque, 1815
Family Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815
Subfamily Pectininae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Pecten Müller, 1776
Pecten arcuatus (Brocchi, 1814)
(Fig. 3.M )
1814 Ostrea arcuata Brocchi, p. 578-579, Pl. XIV, fig. 11.
1898 Pecten arcuatus Brocchi var. stricta Rovereto, p. 35.
1900 Pecten arcuatus Brocchi var. stricta Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 68, Pl. II, fig. 13.
1904 Pecten arcuatus Brocchi var. stricta Rovereto, Sacco, p. 146, Pl. XXVIII, fig. 19.
Type material: One valve, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1077/Sa-V-SG 8.
Type locality: Santa Giustina (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Remarks: Size: L= about 12.00 mm, H= 20.00 mm, C= 9.00 mm, EE= 1.67, CE= 0.45, A = 36°. Rovereto (1898) deals with specimens from Sassello and Santa Giustina, currently only one specimen from Santa Giustina is preserved in the Collection. Rovereto (1898) erected this variety on the basis of his narrow and elongated shape, but these characters are within the morphological variability of the species Pecten arcuatus s.s., as is well documented by the specimens included in the BTP Collection. Therefore, we consider this variety as an invalid taxon. In this regard, it should be noted that Cossmann (1921), Lorenz (1967) and Boschele et al. (2011) include in the synonymic lists of P. arcuatus the whole page of the Rovereto's paper (1900, p. 68) in which the varieties stricta, fallax, and deperdita are redescribed, probably implicitly suggesting that all are synonyms of the species s.s.
Distribution: Oligocene: Santa Giustina and Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
|
Figure
3:
Rovereto's gastropod and bivalve
taxa. Scale bars = 1 cm. A-B:
Volema basilica (Bellardi, 1872) – holotype, 1177/Sa-II-S 14. C-D:
Cryptoconus thalassinus (Rovereto, 1914), - syntype, 1176/Sa-II-S 13.
E-F: Limopsis
(Pectunculina) turgida Rovereto, 1898 - holotype, 1167/Sa-II-S 4,
right valve (E), left valve (F). G: Ostrea
(Ostrea) meridionalis Rovereto, 1900 - lectotype, 1086/Sa-V-SG 17. H-I:
Ostrea (Ostrea) statiellorum Rovereto, 1897 - lectotype,
1088/Sa-V-SG 19a. J:
Crassostrea crebricosta (Rovereto, 1897) - holotype, 1089/Sa-V-SG 20.
K-L: Hyotissa
prestentina (Rovereto) - lectotype, 2067/Sa-II-S 163, lower valve
(L), upper valve (K). M: Pecten arcuatus
(Brocchi, 1814) – holotype, 1077/Sa-V-SG 8. |
Subfamily Chlamydinae Teppner, 1922
Genus Aequipecten Fischer, 1886
Aequipecten oligocenicus (Rovereto, 1898)
(Fig. 4.A )
1898 Chlamys ventilabrum Goldf. var. oligocenica Rovereto, p. 34.
1900 Chlamys ventilabrum Goldf. var. oligocenica Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 66, Pl. III, fig. 5.
1904 Aequipecten cf. ventilabrum var. oligocenica Rovereto, Sacco, p. 143, Pl. XXVIII, fig. 11.
1997 Aequipecten (Aequipecten) ventilabrum (Goldfuss), Bonci et al., p. 56-57, Pl. 1, fig. 8.
Type material: One left valve, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1169/Sa-II-S 6.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Moderately preserved left valve infilled by sediments, strongly inequilateral, posterior auricle partly preserved; small, orthogyrous, pointed umbo. Sculpture: 15-16 narrow, rounded, prominent, finely scaly, radiating ribs; scaly intervening furrows wider than ribs. Size: L= 35.15 mm, H= 37.00 mm, C= 12.00 mm, EE= 1.05, CE= 0.32, A= 104°.
Remarks: The Rovereto's taxon exhibits some similarity with: a) Pecten ventilabrum Goldfuss, 1826-1833, but differs being more inequilateral and in having a lower number of ribs and wider interspaces; b) Pecten miocenicus Michelotti, 1861, but differs in having a lower number of ribs, wider interspaces, finer ribs, and being much more inequilateral; c) Chlamys (Aequipecten) miocenica (Michelotti, 1861) var. dexterogibbosa Sacco, 1897 (= Chlamys (Aequipecten) dexterogibbosa Sacco, 1897, according to Cossmann, 1921), but differs in having a greater number of ribs, wider interspaces, finer ribs, and being more inequilateral. Since the var. oligocenica there is no comparably known species and therefore we raise it to species rank.
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Family Spondylidae Gray, 1826
Genus Spondylus Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Spondylus Linnaeus, 1758
Spondylus (Spondylus) hastatus Rovereto, 1900
(Fig. 4.B-C )
1897 Spondylus ? hastatus Rovereto, p. 16.
1900 Spondylus hastatus Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 57, Pl. II, fig. 11.
1904 Spondylus hastatus Rovereto, Sacco, p. 147, Pl. XXVIII, fig. 22.
1997 Spondylus (Spondylus) hastatus Rovereto, Bonci et al., p. 43-44, Pl. 1, figs. 6a-b.
Type material: One double-valved shell, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1170/Sa-II-S 7.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Fairly preserved, flattened, double-valved shell. Dorsal margin and large part of the left valve lacking, umbos and hinge preserved as internal moulds. Inequivalve, pectiniform, right valve umbo higher than those of the left valve. Anterior, posterior and ventral margins rounded. Sculpture right valve: bold, irregular, radial ribs (about 18) curved along the posterior margin, with strong and squared spines; sculpture left valve: inconspicuous, packed and flat ribs, probably without spines. Size: L= 55.15 mm, H= 57.00 mm, C RV= about 15.00 mm, EE= 1.03, CE= 0.26.
Remarks: This species is clearly different from any other Spondylus described from the Eocene - lower Miocene European basins, because of its ornamentation.
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Superfamily Crassatelloidea Férussac, 1822
Family Crassatellidae Férussac, 1822
Subfamily Crassatellinae Vaught, 1989
Genus Crassatella Lamarck, 1799
Crassatella gigantea Rovereto, 1898
(Fig. 4.D )
1898 Crassatella gigantea Rovereto, p. 42.
1900 Crassatella Ombonii Oppenheim, p. 272.
1900 Crassatella gigantea Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 86, Pl. VI, fig. 2.
1904 Crassatella gigantea Rovereto, Sacco, p. 157, Pl. XXX, fig. 5.
1911 Crassatella Bertrandi Boussac, p. 200-201, Pl. XII, figs. 4-4a.
1913 Crassatella Ombonii Oppenheim, Oppenheim, p. 608, Pl. XXII, figs. 1-1a.
1914 Crassatella gigantea Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 151.
Type material: One left valve, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1098/Sa-V-SG 29.
Type locality: Santa Giustina (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Well preserved left valve infilled with sediment; posterior and anterior margins partially broken, suborbicular in shape, prosogyrous umbo, large and well defined lunule. Straight posterior margin, ventral margin rounded with crenulations on the interior side. Sculpture: growth rugae. Size: L= 115.00 mm, H= 111.00 mm, C= 13.54 mm, EE= 0.97, CE= 0.12.
Remarks: Rovereto (1914, p. 151) includes Crassatella Bertrandi Boussac, 1911, and Crassatella Ombonii Oppenheim, 1900, in the synonyms list. In our opinion, Boussac's species perfectly matches with C. gigantea. As regards Oppenheim's species, it is of note that Rovereto (1914, p. 151) reports that Oppenheim (1913, p. 608-609) affirms that his species corresponds to C. gigantea; but Rovereto misunderstands the description of Oppenheim, who states that his species is very similar but differs from the Rovereto's one in having the umbo clearly curved forward. The analysis of Oppenheim's (1913) figures and description allows us to state that there are no real differences in the morphology and position of the umbo of the two species. Therefore, we consider Crassatella Bertrandi Boussac, 1911, and Crassatella Ombonii Oppenheim, 1900, as junior synonyms of Crassatella gigantea Rovereto.
Distribution: Eocene: Pierrefeu (SE France), Nummulitique. Oligocene: Santa Giustina (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin); Vicentino (Veneto, NE Italy).
Order Venerida Gray, 1854
Superfamily Arcticoidea Newton, 1891
Family Arcticidae Newton, 1891
Genus Arctica Schumacher, 1817
Arctica oncodes (Rovereto, 1898)
(Fig. 4.E-F )
1898 Cyprina oncodes Rovereto, p. 47.
1900 Cypriniadea oncodes Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 97, Pl. VII, fig. 1.
1904 Cyprina oncodes Rovr., Sacco, p. 162, Pl. XXXI, fig. 7.
Type material: One double-valved shell, the original label states: "Collez. Perrando Cyprina oncodes n. sp., tipo, Mioglia, 1349", lectotype (here designated) 3106/M-III-M 20.
Type locality: Mioglia (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin (geographic and geologic information in Bonci et al., 2017).
Description: Well preserved double-valved shell, partially abraded; subtrigonal in shape, transversely elongated, convex valves, tumid prosogyrous umbos, no lunule and escutcheon. Anterior margin moderately rostrate, posterior margin arched, ventral margin almost straight. Sculpture: growth foliaceous lamellae. Size: L= 42.07 mm, H= 32.47 mm, C more inflated valve= 8.30 mm, EE= 0.77, CE= 0.26.
Remarks: Rovereto (1898) collected some specimens from Santa Giustina, Pareto and Mioglia and based the new species description on the specimen from Mioglia (the lectotype here designated, figured by Rovereto, 1900, and Sacco, 1904), which is the only one still present in the Collection. As regard the genus assignment, it should be noted that Cyprina Lamarck, 1818, and Cypriniadea Rovereto, 1900, are synonyms of Arctica Schumacher, 1817 (Cox et al., 1969a, p. N646). This species exhibits a generic similarity with a) Arctica rotundata (Braun in Agassiz, 1845) - for comparisons see also Venzo (1937) and Harzhauser and Mandic (2001) - but differs in having a less rounded outline, a higher EE and a lower CE; b) Arctica planata (Sowerby, 1840) - for comparisons see also Kachhara et al. (2012) - that differs for the outline of the ventral and anterior margins, the coiled subterminal umbos and the marked posterior carina.
Distribution: Oligocene: Santa Giustina, Pareto and Mioglia (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Superfamily Chamoidea Lamarck, 1809
Family Chamidae Lamarck, 1809
Genus Chama Linnaeus, 1758
Chama tongriana Rovereto, 1898
(Fig. 4.G-H )
1898 Chama tongriana Rovereto, p. 45-46.
1900 Chama tongriana Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 95, Pl. V, fig. 11-11a-11b.
1904 Chama tongriana Rover., Sacco, p. 160, Pl. XXX, figs. 18a-c.
1920 Chama tongriana Rovereto, Lombardini, p. 26-27.
Type material: One double-valved shell, the original label states: "Collez. Perrando Chama tongriana n. sp., Pareto, 1334", lectotype (here designated) 792/SM-VI-P 169. Paralectotypes: one lower valve filled with sediments from Squaneto, 907/M-I-S 16; five lower valves filled with sediments from Pareto, 1744/SM-VI-P 75 and 1745/SM-VI-P 76; one lower valve filled with sediments from Mioglia, 2863/M-3-M 101.
Type locality: Pareto (AL), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin (geographic and geologic information in Bonci et al., 2014).
Description: Well preserved double-valved shell, ventral margin and lower valve slightly damaged; strongly inequivalve, suborbicular in shape, lower valve strongly convex with maximum inflation close to the umbo, upper valve flat, coiled umbos, rounded margins. Sculpture: unevenly distributed growth rugae vanishing near the beaks. Size: L= 25.93 mm, H= 25.28 mm, C upper valve= 13.54 mm, EE= 0.98, CE= 0.54.
Remarks: The original description probably deals with three valves, but only one was measured (Rovereto, 1898) and the same information are reported in the subsequent description (Rovereto, 1900). Rovereto (1898) collected some specimens from Santa Giustina, Pareto, Mioglia and Squaneto, but he based the new species description only on specimens from Santa Giustina (figured by Rovereto, 1900, and Sacco, 1904) that have been lost. Other specimens are still present in Collection (the lectotype and paralectotypes here designated). The species exhibits a generic resemblance with Chama gryphoides Linnaeus, 1758, and Chama vicentina Fuchs, 1870, from which clearly differs being strongly inequivalve and having a simpler sculpture (no radial elements and spines).
Distribution: Oligocene: Santa Giustina, Pareto, Mioglia and Squaneto (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin); Aquitanian: Osoppo (NE Italy), Preplans Sandstone.
Superfamily Cyrenoidea Gray, 1840
Family Cyrenidae Gray, 1840
Genus Polymesoda Rafinesque, 1828
Polymesoda convexa (Brongniart, 1822)
(Fig. 4.I-K )
1822 Cytherea convexa Brongniart, p. 46, Pl. 8, figs. 7a-b.
1898 Cyrena strangulata Rovereto, p. 58.
1900 Cyrena strangulata Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 108, Pl. VII, figs. 9-9a.
1900 Cyrena sirena var. strangulata Rovr., Sacco, p. 62, Pl. XIV, figs. 15-16.
1904 Cyrena sirena var. strangulata Rovr., Sacco, p. 167, Pl. XXXI, fig. 31.
1920 Cyrena cyrenoides Mich. var. strangulata Rov., Lombardini, p. 29, Pl. I, figs. 11-12.
1967 Cyrena strangulata Rovereto, Lorenz, p. A41, Pl. XXIX, figs. 6a-b.
Type material: Almost all specimens studied by Rovereto are lost, currently only two are present in the Collection: one partially abraded, flattened, double-valved shell from Santa Giustina (1100/Sa-V-SG 34, lectotype, here designated) and one partially preserved right valve from Mioglia (2874/M-III-M 112, paralectotype). The original labels have been lost.
Type locality: Santa Giustina and Mioglia (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Remarks: Lectotype size: L= 25.30 mm, H= 19.26 mm, C= 13.54 mm, EE= 0.76, CE= 0.7. Rovereto (1898) studied some specimens collected at Sassello, Santa Giustina, Mioglia, Pareto, and Squaneto two of which were figured (Rovereto, 1900). The name of this species has a troubled history that has been reconstructed by Esu and Girotti (2010). As regard the validity of this Rovereto's species, it should be noted that: a) it was reduced to a variety of Cyrena sirena (Brongniart, 1823) by Sacco (1900, XVIII, p. 62) on the basis of own materials; b) it has been regarded to be a variety of Cyrena cyrenoides Michelotti, 1861, by Lombardini (1920, p. 29, Pl. I, figs. 11-12) that included in the synonymy list the variety erected by Sacco (1900); c) Glibert and Van de Poel (1966) stated that Cyrena sirena of the Tongrian (Oligocene) of Italy strictly resemble Polymesoda convexa subarata (Bronn, 1837); d) Lorenz (1967) accepted the taxon of Rovereto at the rank of species; e) Lebküchner (1974) accepted the taxon Cyrena sirena var. strangulata; f) Harzhauser and Mandic (2001) listed the specimens identified as Cyrena sirena et var. div. by Sacco (1900) in the synonymy of Polymesoda subarata sowerbii (Basterot, 1825); g) Esu and Girotti (2010) reported that Cyrena sirena (Brongniart, 1823) is considered a synonym of Polymesoda convexa (Brongniart, 1822); h) Esu and Girotti (2010) included Cyrena sirena and related varieties described by Sacco (1900), Polymesoda convexa subarata and Polymesoda subarata sowerbii in the list of younger synonyms of Polymesoda convexa (Brongniart, 1822); i) the specimens in hand fits in with the characters P. convexa recorded by Esu and Girotti (2010). On the base of the above reported consideration, the Rovereto's taxon is to be considered a younger synonym of Polymesoda convexa (Brongniart, 1822).
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello, Santa Giustina, Mioglia, Pareto, and Squaneto (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin); Aquitanian: Osoppo (NE Italy), Preplans Sandstone.
|
Figure
4:
Rovereto's bivalve taxa. Scale
bars = 1 cm. A: Aequipecten oligocenicus (Rovereto, 1898) - holotype,
1169/Sa-II-S 6. B-C: Spondylus (Spondylus) hastatus Rovereto, 1900 - holotype,
1170/Sa-II-S 7, left valve (B), right valve (C). D: Crassatella gigantea
Rovereto, 1898 - holotype, 1098/Sa-V-SG 29. E-F:
Arctica oncodes (Rovereto,
1898) - lectotype, 3106/M-III-M 20, left valve (E), right valve (F). G-H:
Chama tongriana Rovereto, 1898 - lectotype, 792/SM-VI-P 169,
right valve (G), left valve (H). I-J-K:
Polymesoda convexa (Brongniart, 1822) - paralectotype, 2874/M-III-M 112 (I); lectotype, 1100/Sa-V-SG 34 (J-K),
left valve (K), right valve (J). |
Superfamily Tellinoidea Blainville, 1814
Family Semelidae Stoliczka, 1870
Subfamily Semelinae Stoliczka, 1870
Genus Abra Leach in Lamarck, 1818
Abra rossii nomen novum
(Fig. 5.A )
1898 Syndesmya intermedia Rovereto, p. 65-66.
1900 Syndesmya intermedia Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 123, Pl. VI, fig. 3.
1901 Syndesmya intermedia Rovereto, Sacco, p. 121.
1904 Syndesmya? intermedia Rovereto, Sacco, p. 169, Pl. XXXI, fig. 39.
1997 Abra (Syndosmya) intermedia (Rovereto), Bonci et al., p. 45-46, Pl. 1, fig. 3.
Type material: One left valve external mould, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1172/Sa-II-S 9.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Fairly preserved left valve external mould, posterior margin broken, suboval in shape with a little, slightly prosogyrous umbo. Anterior and ventral margins rounded, cardinal margin straight. Sculpture: unevenly distributed bold growth rugae. Size: L= 15.70 mm, H= 8.75 mm, C= 2.70 mm, EE= 0.56, CE= 0.31.
Remarks: According to Cox et al. (1969b, p. N637), Syndesmya is a spelling error for Syndosmya, that is subgenus of Abra. But Bouchet and Gofas (2015) state that Syndesmya Fischer, 1887, and Syndosmya Récluz, 1843, are synonyms of Abra Lamarck, 1818. Therefore, we assign the Rovereto's species to the genus Abra. Consequently, the Rovereto's species becomes a secondary homonym of the living species Abra intermedia (Thompson, 1845); so, in compliance with the articles 10.6 and 60 of the ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999), the specific epithet intermedia given by Rovereto must be replaced with a new name (nomen novum), even if Huber and Gofas (2015) consider the Thompson's species a subjective junior synonym of Abra nitida (Müller, 1776). The nomen novum Abra rossii is here assigned in compliance with the articles 11.9 and 31 of the ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) and is formed from the name of Giovanni Battista Rossi (1859-1909), a Sassello citizen that, although self-taught, significantly contributed to the exploration of prehistoric sites, especially the Ligurian ones, and made relevant collection of prehistoric artefacts.
This species is clearly different from any and all other Abra described from the Eocene - lower Miocene European basins, because of its bold sculpture.
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Superfamily Ungulinoidea Gray, 1854
Family Ungulinidae Gray, 1854
Genus Diplodonta Bronn, 1831
Diplodonta alepis Rovereto, 1898
(Fig. 5.B-C )
1898 Diplodonta alepis Rovereto, p. 60.
1900 Diplodonta alepis Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 110-111, Pl. VII, fig. 10.
1901 Lucina (?) alepis (Rovereto), Sacco, p. 69, Pl. XVI, fig. 9.
1997 Diplodonta alepis Rovereto, Bonci et al., p. 44-45, Pl. 1, figs. 4a-b.
Type material: One double-valved shell, the original label has been lost, holotype (by monotypy) 1181/Sa-II-S 18.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Description: Double-valved shell, the left valve is damaged, trapezoidal in shape with little, prosogyrous umbos; small, narrow, lanceolate lunule. Anterior and ventral margins rounded, truncate posterior margin, cardinal margin straight. Dorsal angulation weak. Sculpture: fine growth lines. Size: L= 60.10 mm, H= 55.60 mm, C more inflated valve= 19.31 mm, EE= 0.93, CE= 0.35.
Remarks: D. alepis exhibits a general resemblance with Diplodonta bezanconi Meunier, 1880, Diplodonta fragilis Braun in Sandberger, 1853, Diplodonta incerta Archiac, 1850, and Diplodonta rotundata (Montagu, 1803) - for comparisons see also Ralte (2012) and Lozouet et al. (2015) - but clearly differs being larger and trapezoidal in outline and in having a straight cardinal margin.
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello and Dego (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Order Myida Stoliczka, 1870
Superfamily Pholadoidea Lamarck, 1809
Family Pholadidae Lamarck, 1809
Subfamily Jouannetiinae Tryon, 1862
Genus Jouannetia Desmoulins, 1828
Subgenus Jouannetia Desmoulins, 1828
Jouannetia (Jouannetia) tournoueri Locard, 1877
(Fig. 5.D-F )
1877 Jouannetia (Jouannetia) Tournoueri Locard, p. 202, Pl. I, figs. 16-18.
1914 Jouannetia avellanaria Rovereto, p. 162, Pl. VII, figs. 5-5a.
Type material: One double-valved, well preserved internal mould, 2089bis/Sa-II-S 185 (lectotype, here designated); one double-valved, moderately preserved internal mould, 2089/Sa-II-S 185 (paralectotype). The original labels have been lost.
Type locality: Sassello (SV), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin.
Remarks: Lectotype size: L= 15.00 mm, H= 16.00 mm, C= 15.00 mm, EE= 1.07, CE= 0.94. Rovereto (1914) states that his species is closely related to Jouannetia unguiculus Cossmann & Lambert, 1884. But Rovereto's specimen clearly differs in shape, dimensions and morphology/dimension of the special lamina for attachment of posterior muscles. Conversely, their morphological features fully match those of Jouannetia (Jouannetia) tournoueri Locard, 1877; for a detailed description of the internal mould of this species refer to Sorrentino (1931).
Distribution: Oligocene: Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin).
Order Pholadomyida Newell, 1965
Superfamily Thracioidea Stoliczka, 1870
Family Thraciidae Stoliczka, 1870
Genus Thracia Leach in Blainville, 1824
Thracia stenochora Rovereto, 1898
(Fig. 5.G )
1898 Thracia stenochora Rovereto, p. 66.
1900 Thracia stenochora Rovereto, Rovereto, p. 125, Pl. VII, fig. 21.
1901 Thracia Bellardii var. stenochora Rovr., Sacco, p. 135, Pl. XXVII, fig. 15.
1911 Thracia stenochora Rovereto, Boussac, p. 241, Pl. XV, fig. 41.
Type material: One mould, the original label states: "Collezione Perrando Thracia stenochora n.sp., N. 1976, Tagliolo", lectotype (here designated) 908/OV-III-C 1.
Type locality: Tagliolo (AL), Molare Formation, Tertiary Piedmont Basin (geographic and geologic information in Lorenz, 1969).
Description: One badly preserved double-valved mould (external mould of left valve, internal mould of right valve); trapezoidal in shape, slightly carenate, moderately inequilateral, with a little, pointed, slightly prosogyrous umbos. Posterior margin slanting straight and truncate, anterior margin rounded, ventral margin straight. Sculpture: unevenly distributed growth lines. Size: L= 43.89 mm, H= 22.52 mm, C LV= 5.82 mm, EE= 0.51, CE= 0.26.
Remarks: Rovereto (1898, 1900) studied one specimen collected at Tagliolo (the lectotype here designated) and 2 specimens from Sassello (lost). This species was recorded as Thracia (T.) stenochora Rovereto by Darga (1990, p. 20, Eocene of Eisenrichterstein, Bavaria, Germany) and as Thracia stenochora Rovereto by Baglioni Mavros (1990, p. 258, lower Oligocene of Laverda, Veneto, NE Italy). The species is similar to Thracia elongata Sandberger, 1863, but differs in having a truncate posterior margin.
Distribution: Eocene: Chateaugarnier (SW France), "Nummulitique"; Eisenrichterstein, Bavaria, Germany. Oligocene: Tagliolo and Sassello (NW Italy), Molare Formation (Tertiary Piedmont Basin); Laverda, Veneto, NE Italy.
|
Figure
5:
Rovereto's bivalve taxa. Scale
bars = 1 cm. A: Abra rossii nomen novum, 2018 - holotype, 1172/Sa-II-S 9.
B-C:
Diplodonta alepis Rovereto, 1898 - holotype, 1181/Sa-II-S 18, right
valve (B), left valve (C). D-E-F:
Jouannetia (Jouannetia) tournoueri Locard, 1877
- lectotype, 2089bis/Sa-II-S 185 (D-E); paralectotype, 2089/Sa-II-S 185
(F). G: Thracia
stenochora Rovereto, 1898 - lectotype, 908/OV-III-C 1. |
The new taxa of Oligocene molluscs described by Rovereto have received a little attention in recent times, therefore these faunas are scarcely known if not forgotten and their systematic position need for a complete review. This paper deals with the revision and re-documentation of 22 taxa (6 gastropods and 16 bivalves) described by Rovereto (1897, 1898, 1900, 1914). These fossils are from Santa Giustina and Sassello areas and are preserved in the BTP Collection housed at the Museo di Paleontologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università di Genova. The performed field surveys allowed to rediscover the majority of the collecting sites, which have been recognized as belonging to the Oligocene Molare Formation. As a result of this revision, 22 name-bearing types have been designated, one nomen novum (Abra rossii) has been assigned, and 3 bivalve and 3 gastropod taxa have been recognized as younger synonyms of other species. As regards the stratigraphic distribution, all the detected taxa are restricted to the Oligocene, except for C. tongriana and O. (O.) meridionalis that also occur in the Aquitanian and C. gigantea, L. (P.) turgida and T. stenochora which are already recorded in the Eocene time. A little more diversified is the paleogeographic distribution: C. tongriana and O. (O.) meridionalis are also present in NE Italy (Veneto), C. gigantea in SE France and NE Italy (Veneto), L. (P.) turgida in SW France, and T. stenochora in SW France, Bavaria and NE Italy (Veneto); the other species occur in the Tertiary Piedmont Basin only.
The consultation of some ancient books and papers was made via https://archive.org, http://jubilotheque.upmc.fr, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org, https://books.google.it, and http://gallica.bnf.fr.
This paper has greatly profited of critical reading by P. Lozouet (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris) and O. Mandic (Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien). P. Lozouet is also acknowledged for the helpful suggestions about Gourmya. Many thanks are due to S. Eager for the language suggestions. This research has been supported by the Research funds of the University of Genova (100022-2017-FRA_Piazza).
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