◄ Carnets Geol. 21 (16) ►
Outline:
[1. Introduction]
[2. General setting, material and method]
[3. Systematic descriptions] [4. Conclusion]
[Bibliographic references] and ...
[Plate]
University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, Corso Italia 55, 95129 Catania (Italy)
Laboratory of Sedimentary Environments, Mineral
and Hydric Resources of Algeria Eastern, University of Larbi Tebessi, Tébessa
(Algeria)
Published online in final form (pdf) on October 24, 2021
DOI 10.2110/carnets.2021.2116
[Editor: Bruno
R.C. Granier; language editor: Stephen Eagar]
Two new ostracod genera of the family Trachyleberididae Sylvester-Bradley, 1948, each based on a new species, are described and commented here. The specimens were collected in Tortonian sediments cropping out at El Hadjra Safra in the El Ma El Abiod basin (region of Tébessa, north-eastern Algeria).
• Ostracoda;
• Trachyleberididae;
• Tortonian;
• new taxa;
• Algeria
Sciuto F. & Benkhedda A. (2021).- New genera and species of ostracods from the El Ma El Abiod Miocene Basin (Tébessa, NE Algeria).- Carnets Geol., Madrid, vol. 21, no. 16, p. 383-390.
Nouveaux genres et espèces d'ostracodes du Bassin miocène d'El Ma El Abiod (Tébessa, NE de l'Algérie).- Deux nouveaux genres d'ostracodes de la famille Trachyleberididae Sylvester-Bradley, 1948, chacun fondé sur une espèce nouvelle, sont décrits et discutés dans cet article. Les spécimens proviennent de sédiments tortoniens affleurant à El Hadjra Safra dans le bassin d'El Ma El Abiod (région de Tébessa, nord-est de l'Algérie).
• Ostracodes ;
• Trachyleberididae ;
• Tortonien ;
• nouveaux taxons ;
• Algérie
Fossil ostracod fauna in Algeria is known only through few papers related to Tertiary (Carbonnel & Courme-Rault, 1995, 1997; Coutelle & Yassini, 1974; Guernet et al., 1984; Braccini & Peypouquet, 1995) and Cretaceous (Majoran, 1989; Vivière, 1985). Therefore, the present paper represents a further small contribution to the knowledge of the Miocene ostracod fauna of this part of the North Africa. This study adds to the knowledge of Tortonian facies in the area south of the town of Tébessa, which has been studied little.
The El Ma El Abiod Miocene
basin is located near the town of Tébessa, near the Tunisian border. It is
geographically included in the Eastern Saharan Atlas (N Africa) (Fig. 1 
).
The Saharan Atlas extends in North Africa from the Atlantic to Algeria and the Pelagian Sea, north of the Saharan platform. It is considered an area of crustal weakness inherited from Triassic aborted rifting episodes associated to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. During the late Lias, tectonics gave rise to the Atlasic trough, trending from Morocco to Tunisia. The Cretaceous–Eocene period was marked by the development of the worldwide "Mid-Cretaceous" transgression that proceeded both from the Atlantic and the Tethys. Since the Late Eocene, the entire Saharan Atlas was submitted to continental conditions. In the Algerian area, the Atlasic trough was filled and affected by transpressive deformation. Later, during the Cenozoic, as a consequence of the continental convergence between Africa and Europe, the region was subjected to tectonics that led to the overlapping of ancient folds that uplifted the orogenic belt (e.g., Piqué et al., 2002; Arboleya et al., 2004; Benaouali-Mebarek et al., 2006).
|
Figure 1:
Morphostructural
domains of the North Algeria (after many authors). |
The Miocene was a period
characterized by extensional tectonic phases that determined the formation of
large sedimentary basins where sedimentary facies were deposited unconformably
on the Meso-Cenozoic basement (Benaouali-Mebarek et al.,
2006). Two wide Miocene
sedimentary basins are in the Tébessa region: The El Aouinet-Meskiana Basin to the North and
the El Ma El
Abiod Basin to the South. In the latter, the samples that are the subject of
this study were collected (Fig. 2 ).
|
Figure 2: Geologic-structural scheme of the Tébessa area (after Durozoy, 1956). Aerial photos © 2021 IGN France. Figure 3:
El Hadjra Safra
sampling station. Aerial photos © 2021 CNES/Airbus, Maxar technologies. |
The El Ma el Abiod Basin is located south of Tébessa (Fig. 2 ).
Middle and Upper Miocene sediments fill this basin and they are divided into two
different series, separated by a ferruginous crust: A lower series, occupying
the eastern part of the basin, referable to the Middle Miocene, and an upper
series, to the west, referable to Tortonian (Kowalski et
al., 1995a).
The Tortonian sediments that crop out unconformably over the Cretaceous- Eocene succession (Hamimed et al., 2015a, b; Defaflia et al., 2015) are referred to continental and/or transitional environments; however, locally, it is possible to find horizons rich in fragments of shells and micro-fauna referable to marine environments (present paper). These latter have already been verified in other Miocene outcrops in the Tébessa territory by Kowalski et al. (1995a, 1995b, 1996).
Within the El Ma el Abiod
Basin, the marine sedimentary levels are particularly well exposed in El Hadjra
Safra, few kilometres SE of the
town of Tébessa, along the left side of
the road southbound N16. The studied samples were found at this
locality (Fig. 3 ).
Thirty-five samples, each
one of 300-400 cm3, along a 3.5 m succession of very fine-grained, whitish
silty sands, were collected (Fig. 4.A-B ). The sediments were routinely washed,
dried and sieved; after that, ostracod specimens were picked from the > 63 µm
fraction.
|
Figure 4:
A) The sedimentary outcrops at El
Hadjra Safra; B) corresponding lithological log. |
The specimens were examined and measured under a stereomicroscope and photographed by a LMU Tescan Vega II Scanning Electron Microscope at the Electronic Microscopy Laboratory of the Earth Science Section (University of Catania). The specimens are housed in the Palaeontological Museum of Catania University.
To classify ostracods, we consulted the systematics papers of Martin & Davis (2001), Horne et al. (2001), and the website WoRMS (2021). To identify the taxa we consulted some of the key papers on Mediterranean Miocene ostracod fauna among which Bonaduce et al. (1988, 1992), Braccini & Peypouquet (1995), Carbonnel & Courme-Rault (1995, 1997), Ciampo (1980), Coutelle & Yassini (1974), Guernet et al. (1984), Ruggieri (1960), and Russo (1968).
This preliminary paper refers to the microfauna content of sample B3. It is a clayey-sandy silt from which only few ostracods and foraminifera have been extracted. Among the first, almost all the specimens found, both adults and immature, belong to two discrete taxa, which were considered new and, therefore, they are here described for the first time.
Class Ostracoda Latreille, 1806
Order Podocopida Sars, 1866
Suborder Cytherocopina Gründel, 1967
Superfamily Cytheroidea Baird, 1850
Family Trachyleberididae Sylvester-Bradley, 1948
Subfamily Trachyleberidinae Sylvester-Bradley, 1948
Genus Quasiagrenocythere n.gen.
Etymology: Similar to Agrenocythere Benson, 1972.
Type-species: Quasiagrenocythere tevestaensis n.gen. n.sp.
Diagnosis: Genus, at the present monospecific, considered belonging to the Subfamily Trachyleberidinae Sylvester-Bradley, 1948, characterized by a strong, large carapace, symmetric in dorsal view, reticulated, distinguishable from the Genus Agrenocythere Benson, 1972, with which it shows some affinity, by the presence of an eye tubercle and the absence of the ventral carina.
Remarks: The new taxon here described shows some characters in common with other taxa: The Trachyleberidinae Agrenocythere, the Bradleyinae Bradleya Hornibrook, 1952, and Poseidonamicus Benson, 1972.
Along with Agrenocythere the new taxon has in common the large size and the general shape of the carapace, the holamphydont hinge type, the polygonal ornamentation with well-marked large fossae and muri, the presence of something similar to the "castrum" described by Benson (1972) and the pore conuli at the posterior end ("Terminus" in Agrenocythere). Conversely, the new taxon stands out by the presence of the eye tubercles, very few normal pores, the composite spines, a lower number of intramural pore conuli, and the absence of both the ventral carina and the "dorsal bullar series" defined by Benson (1972: p. 20, fig. 8).
The new taxon has in common with the Genus Bradleya Hornibrook (1952): The "ocular ridge", the "posterodorsal" loop (Benson, 1972: Fig. 9) and the hinge type; conversely, the ventral carina and the median ridge are absent, whereas it has a caudal process that is missing in Bradleya.
Also Poseidonamicus shows the general carapace shape similar to that of the new genus, which is clearly distinguished by the presence of the ventral carina and the subvertical fossae arrangement in central part of the carapace.
Quasiagrenocythere n.gen. shows some morphological affinity also with the specimen figured in Russo (1968: Tav. 2, Fig. 6a) and belonging, according to the author, to the Hemicytheridae Genus Hemicytheria Pokorny, 1955. Nevertheless, although in disagreement with the author's identification, the different distribution of fossae on the carapace and the different position of the caudal processes distinguishes Russo's genus from the new genus.
Quasiagrenocythere tevestaensis n.gen. n.sp.
(Pl. 1 , figs. 1-6)
Etymology: From "Tevesta" the roman name of the city of Tébessa near the type locality.
Holotype: One complete carapace (PMC.O89 h 06.03.2021).
Paratypes: One complete carapace and four valves (PMC.O195 p 06.03.2021).
Other materials: Some immature specimens.
Type locality: El Hadjra Safra (south side of the P. Romain Mount, GPS 35°19'42"N 8°11'31.8"E), along the road N16 southbound, in very fine-grained, whitish silty sands.
Stratigraphic range: Tortonian, identified by the first common occurrence (FCO) of Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (Blow, 1959) (samples 8 to 10).
Diagnosis: Large-sized species with typical "trachyleberidinae" shape, with large reticulated ornamentation, prominent eye tubercle and acute caudal processes hooked upwards.
Description: Carapace
large, elongated, sub rectangular in lateral external
view. Anterior margin regularly arched and marked by numerous composite spines,
dorsal margin straight and curved upwards at the eye tubercle; posterior margin
with a caudal process slightly acute and hooked upwards with numerous composite
spines in the lower part; ventral margin straight with shallow oral concavity.
Symmetrical valves in dorsal view with anterior and posterior ends thick and
flattened, central part of the carapace swollen with a slight central groove.
Outer surface of the carapace ornamented by a polygonal grid with large fossae and
strong muri. Fossae are irregularly arranged on the surface of the carapace
except those in the anterior area where they are regularly aligned parallel to
the anterior margin, and in the antero-central area, where the fossae are
arranged almost concentrically to form what resembles the
"castrum" (Pl. 1 ,
fig. 4) of Benson
(1972). The muri in the central part and along a centre
line of the carapace are densely pitted (Pl. 1 ,
figs. 4-5). Composite spines
are present along the anterior and posterior margin, two "intramural pore conuli", the first positioned approximately in the middle of the dorsal border,
the second at the end of the upper side of the caudal process. Few normal pore
canals and few tubercles in the dorsal area. Eye tubercles well marked.
Inner lamella: Anteriorly and postero-ventrally wide. Holamphidont hinge type. Muscle scars typical of the Trachyleberidinae.
Sexual dimorphism clear: Female more inflated posteriorly than male one.
Table 1: Presence or absence of some important morphological characters in Quasiagrenocythere, Agrenocythere, Bradleya and Poseidonamicus useful for distinguishing the genera.
| Quasiagrenocythere | Agrenocythere | Oblitacythereis | Bradleya | Poseidonamicus | |
| holamphidont type hinge | x | x | x | x | x |
| eye tubercles | x | ||||
| castrum | x | x | |||
| posterior pore conul ("terminus") | x | x | |||
| dorsal bullar series | x | ||||
| composite spines | x | ||||
| intramural pore conuli | very few | many | |||
| ocular ridge | x | ||||
| posterodorsal loop/dorsal carina | x | x | x | x | |
| ventral carina | x | x | x | x | |
| median ridge | x | x | |||
| caudal process | x | x | x |
Okadaleberis (?) benzartiae n.sp. described and figured in Sciuto et al., 2021, p. 9, Fig. 4.4, now, on the basis of these characters, can be referred to this new genus.
Genus Pseudomutilus n.gen.
Type-species: Pseudomutilus benkheddai n.gen. n.sp.
Etymology: From the Greek word ψευδής = sham + Mutilus
Diagnosis: Genus belonging to Subfamily Trachyleberidinae Sylvester-Bradley, 1948, characterized by medium-sized carapace, ornamented by strong, acute crests that intersect forming very wide polygonal fossae.
Remarks: The carapace of the new genus has some morphological affinity with the Hemicytheridae genera Procythereis Skogsberg, 1928, Arutella Bonaduce et al., 1987, and Mutilus Neviani, 1928. In the first case the robust rib simulating a wing typical of the Genus Procythereis (Pokorny, 1955) is evident in dorsal and ventral views. However, the hinge type, the ornamentation, the absence of pits (other characteristics present in Procythereis), the high position of the caudal process, the strong eye tubercle are all characters that allow the distinction between Pseudomutilus n. gen. and Procythereis. In the case of Arutella, the similarity simply concerns the general shape of the carapace; the different hinge type, the caudal process position, the different type of fossae without any type of tegmination differentiate the two genera. The new genus is distinguished from Mutilus by the absence of the ridge crossing the eye tubercle and the so-called "butterfly" of Bonaduce et al. (1987: p. 252, Fig. 1).
Pseudomutilus benkheddai n.gen. n.sp.
(Pl. 1 , figs. 7-10)
Etymology: From the father's name of the second author: "Benkhedda".
Holotype: One complete carapace (PMC.O90 h 06.03.2021).
Paratypes: Two complete carapaces and two valves (PMC.O196-197p 06.03.2021).
Type locality: El Hadjra Safra (south side of the P. Romain Mount, GPS 35°19'42"N 8°11'31.8"E), along the road N16 southbound, in very fine-grained, whitish silty sands.
Stratigraphic range: Tortonian identified by the first common occurrence (FCO) of Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (Blow, 1959) (samples 8 to 10).
Diagnosis: Carapace "Mutilus-shaped" but without the crest crossing the eye tubercle and without the so-called "butterfly" of Bonaduce et al. (1987).
Description: Carapace medium-sized, sub rectangular, strong; anterior margin arched, slightly inclined down and marked by a sharp crest, which continues on the straight dorsal margin; ventral margin slightly curved with a weak oral convexity; at two thirds of its length it slopes steeply upwards reaching an obtuse upward hooked caudal process. Oval-shaped carapace in dorsal and ventral view with symmetrical valves strongly overlapping. Outer surface of the carapace ornamented by strong acute crests that cross irregularly to form a large polygonal grid. Four main crests have a greater longitudinal development than the others; the first extends along the anterior, dorsal and ventral margin; the second is present in antero-ventral position; the third begins in an anteroventral position, it joins the posterior ventral border simulating a wing, then bends suddenly upwards and ends in the posterodorsal position; the fourth crest starts in the middle of the anterior margin, extends towards the centre up to the first third of the carapace, then folds towards the dorsal caudal area in an anterocentral position. Eye tubercle well marked. Inner lamella: anteriorly and postero-ventrally wide. Hinge: amphidont type.
The description of these two new taxa contributes to the knowledge of the Algerian Miocene ostracofauna. At the present time, the genera described are monospecific, only found in the fossil record and associated with an extremely scarce microfauna; therefore, it is not possible to formulate any hypothesis on their autoecology and/or synecology. The analogies of Quasiagrenocythere n.gen. and Pseudomutilus n.gen. with the different genera with which they were compared, could confirm, in the first case, an aptitude for deep water or relatively deep-water environments, and, in the second case, a tendency to more superficial environments. Further research may provide new data that will allow a more detailed paleoecological result.
The authors are grateful to the Editors and to the anonymous referees for the suggestions on the manuscript. Special thanks are due also to Mr. Alfio Viola (Electronic microscopy laboratory, Earth Science Section, Catania University) for SEM assistance. Palaeoecological Research Group contribution n. 478. This research was supported by the University of Catania, Progetto PiaCeRi "Biodiversità e paleobiodiversità di invertebrati e macroalghe di ambienti marini" - Piano Incentivi per la Ricerca di Ateneo 2020-22 linea di intervento 2.
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Plate
1:
Figs. 1-6 Quasiagrenocythere
tevestaensis n.gen. n.sp.; figs. 7-10 Pseudomutilus benkheddai n.gen.
n.sp. |
|
| Nomenclatural note: Life Sciences Identifier (LSID) http://zoobank.org/References/1A4D4181-9A67-4F65-BE54-9EB31219D02B Genus
Group• Quasiagrenocythere Sciuto in Sciuto & Benkhedda, 2021 Species
Group• Quasiagrenocythere tevestaensis Sciuto in Sciuto & Benkhedda, 2021 |
