◄ Carnets Geol. 17 (1) ►
Contents
[Introduction]
[Stratigraphy]
[Ammonite assemblage and biostratigraphic analysis]
[Systematic notes] [Conclusions] and ...
[Bibliographic references]
Corresponding author
Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, D.F. (Mexico)
Laboratoire de Géologie, UMR 5276 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua (bât. GEODE), 2, rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France)
Trafalgar 1, Manacor, 07500, Mallorca (Spain)
Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i
Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona,
Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
Published online in final form (pdf) on March 24, 2017
DOI 10.4267/2042/62038
[Editor:
Michel Moullade; language editor: Robert W. Scott;
technical editor: Bruno Granier]
In this work, we review the ammonites of the Montmell Formation in the Marmellar area housed in the collections of the Museo Geológico del Seminario de Barcelona and the Museu de Geologia de Barcelona. This taxonomic update allows the proper biostratigraphic analysis of the ammonite assemblage and assigns it to the early Albian, Leymeriella tardefurcata Zone. The taxonomic analysis of all the studied material allows us to recognize the presence of the following taxa: Uhligella sp., Parengonoceras bassei, Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus, Hypacanthoplites milletianus, Hypacanthoplites subelegans, and Hypacanthoplites sp. The current work is a step forward in the chronostratigraphic knowledge of the Salou-Garraf Basin in the Catalan Coastal Ranges.
• Marmellar;
• Spain;
• Montmell Formation;
• ammonites;
• early Albian.
Moreno-Bedmar J.A., Robert E., Matamales-Andreu R. & Bover-Arnal T. (2017).- Review of the early Albian ammonites of the Montmell Formation near Marmellar (Salou-Garraf Basin, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain).- Carnets Geol., Madrid, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 1-10.
Révision des ammonites d'âge albien inférieur de la Formation de Montmell près de Marmellar (Bassin de Salou-Garraf, Tarragone, Catalogne, Espagne).- Dans cette étude, nous avons réexaminé les ammonites de la Formation de Montmell du secteur de Marmellar déposées dans les collections du Musée géologique du Séminaire de Barcelone et du Musée de Géologie de Barcelone. Cette mise à jour taxinomique a permis une analyse biostratigraphique précise de l'association ammonitique, qui est attribuée à la Zone à Leymeriella tardefurcata de l'Albien inférieur. L'analyse taxinomique de l'ensemble du matériel étudié révèle la présence des taxons suivants : Uhligella sp., Parengonoceras bassei, Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus, Hypacanthoplites milletianus, Hypacanthoplites subelegans et Hypacanthoplites sp. Cette étude représente une étape importante dans la connaissance chronostratigraphique du Bassin de Salou-Garraf dans les Chaînes Côtières Catalanes.
• Marmellar ;
• Espagne ;
• Formation de Montmell ;
• ammonites ;
• Albien inférieur.
Revisión de los ammonites del Albiense inferior de la Formación Montmell cerca de Marmellar (Cuenca de Salou-Garraf, Tarragona, Cataluña, España).- En este trabajo se revisan los ammonites de la Formación Montmell del área de Marmellar conservados en las colecciones del Museo Geológico del Seminario de Barcelona y del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona. Esta actualización taxonómica permite realizar un preciso análisis bioestratigráfico de la asociación de ammonites asignándola a la Zona Leymeriella tardefurcata, del Albiense inferior. El análisis taxonómico del material estudiado permite reconocer la presencia de: Uhligella sp., Parengonoceras bassei, Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus, Hypacanthoplites milletianus, Hypacanthoplites subelegans y Hypacanthoplites sp. Este trabajo constituye un paso adelante en el conocimiento cronoestratigráfico de la Cuenca de Salou-Garraf de las Cadenas Costeras Catalanas.
• Marmellar;
• España;
• Formación Montmell;
• ammonites;
• Albiense inferior.
Revisió dels ammonits de l'Albià inferior de la Formació Montmell a prop de Marmellar (Conca de Salou-Garraf, Tarragona, Catalunya, Espanya).- En aquest treball es revisen els ammonits de la Formació Montmell de l'àrea de Marmellar conservats en les col·leccions del Museo Geológico del Seminario de Barcelona i del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona. Aquesta actualització taxonòmica permet la correcta anàlisi biostratigràfica de l'associació d'ammonits assignant-la a la Zona Leymeriella tardefurcata de l'Albià inferior. L'anàlisi taxonòmica del material estudiat permet reconèixer la presència d'Uhligella sp., Parengonoceras bassei, Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus, Hypacanthoplites milletianus, Hypacanthoplites subelegans i Hypacanthoplites sp. Aquest treball constitueix un pas endavant en el coneixement cronoestratigràfic de la Conca de Salou-Garraf de les Cadenes Costaneres Catalanes.
• Marmellar;
• Espanya;
• Formació Montmell;
• ammonits;
• Albià inferior.
The
ammonite record of the Montmell Formation in the Marmellar area, Spain (Fig. 1 
),
was first reported by Almera
(1895), who concluded that it was Aptian Stage. He collected only one specimen that could
be assigned to either the genus Oppelia or Placenticeras. There is no doubt that the
best known and most
abundant fossil record of the Marmellar area, and other nearby outcrops of
the Montmell Formation, are the corals (e.g., De
Angelis d'Ossat,
1905; Bataller, 1937),
currently under taxonomic review (Löser, 2012,
2013, 2014, 2015). The
scarce ammonoid record is important in order to calibrate the age of the
whole fossil assemblage. Bataller (1954) described the best known (by the
international ammonite-workers community) ammonite of Marmellar, an
engonoceratid of the new genus and species Platiknemiceras
bassei, and assigned it to the Albian. The subsequent work of Martínez
et al. (1994) was the first to provide a more exhaustive list of the
ammonite assemblage of the Montmell Formation in the Marmellar area, mentioning the
genera Hypacanthoplites and Sonneratia,
as well as Platiknemiceras. However,
in this latter work only one specimen was illustrated: Platiknemiceras bassei. Martínez et al.
(1994) assigned the ammonites of the Montmell Formation to
the second zone of the lower Albian, Douvilleiceras
mammillatum. Moreno-Bedmar et
al. (2009) also studied the ammonoids of the Montmell Formation, and
reported the genus Hypacanthoplites,
together with the engonoceratid Platiknemiceras,
and assigned them to the first Albian ammonite zone, Leymeriella tardefurcata. However, no ammonoids of this formation
were illustrated by Moreno-Bedmar et
al. (2009).
In
this work, we review the ammonites of the Montmell Formation, Salou-Garraf
Basin, collected in the area surrounding the currently abandoned town of
Marmellar (Fig. 1 ). A fieldwork campaign in the area (2013) focused on ancient
croplands where the ammonites were collected in the past, however, no ammonites
were found because the croplands were abandoned and quite covered by vegetation.
Therefore, in this work we review the ammonites housed in two
collections located at the Museo Geológico del Seminario de Barcelona (MGSB)
and the Museu de Geologia de Barcelona (MGB). The detailed taxonomic
identification of the ammonite assemblage of Marmellar allowed us to make a
proper biostratigraphic analysis. In the literature, the only illustrated
species of the Montmell Formation is Platiknemiceras
bassei. In the current work, the complete ammonoid fauna is illustrated.
Important improvements in the chronostratigraphic knowledge of the nearby
Maestrat Basin were recently carried out (e.g.,
Garcia et al., 2014; Bover-Arnal
et al., 2016). Contrarily, the current
state of knowledge of the chronostratigraphy of the Salou-Garraf Basin in the
Catalan Coastal Ranges is considerably poorer. Factors that limit suitable data
collection in the Salou-Garraf Basin include the very intense faulting caused by
the Neogene extension and the opening of the Mediterranean Sea (Guimerà
& Santanach Prat, 1978; Bartrina et al.,
1992), which considerably complicates the study of
stratigraphy, because the stratigraphic cover is intensely fragmented like a puzzle.
The progressive abandonment of the farmlands resulting in the overgrowth of the
outcrops and making them less accessible for stratigraphic study or fossil
collection. The combination of the aforementioned factors makes this basin less
attractive for geologists. The current paper intends to update
the chronostratigraphic knowledge of the Salou-Garraf Basin.
|
Figure 1: A) Map of the Iberian Peninsula showing the location of the ammonoid sampling site in the Salou-Garraf Basin of the Catalan Coastal Ranges, as well as the nearby Maestrat Basin in the Iberian Chain. Geographic coordinates in degrees. B) Geological map of the area of Marmellar (Comarca of El Baix Penedès) sampled for ammonites (modified from Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, 2005). The sampling sites in the surroundings of Marmellar and Les Ventoses villages are indicated with red stars. Geographic coordinates in UTM. |
The ammonoids examined in this study come from the Montmell Formation and are of early Albian age. This lithostratigraphic unit is mainly characterized by an alternation of micaceous red clays, sandstones and calcarenites rich in Mesorbitolina texana, up to 90 m-thick (Canérot et al., 1982). Other common skeletal components contained in those strata are miliolids, other foraminifera, echinoids, rudists, other molluscs, corals, and dasycladacean algae. Dolomitic levels, as well as ferruginous crusts, are locally found in the upper part of the formation (Esteban, 1973). The lithologies and fossil content indicate a shallow subtidal to coastal depositional environment punctuated by continental conditions (Esteban, 1973). The Montmell Formation is laterally equivalent with the lower part of the Escucha Formation in the Maestrat Basin (Salas & Moreno, 2008; Moreno-Bedmar et al., 2009; Bover-Arnal et al., 2016). The ammonite assemblage reported in Traiguera, from the basal part of the Escucha Formation (Moreno-Bedmar et al., 2008; Garcia et al., 2014: p. 107), is quite similar to the herein studied ammonoids from the Montmell Formation.
The Montmell Formation is overlain and underlain by the Can Xuech
Formation (Canérot et al., 1982) and the Pujol Florit lithostratigraphic unit (Salas & Moreno,
2008), respectively
(Fig. 2 ). The Can Xuech Formation is
upper Albian-Cenomanian (Canérot
et al., 1982), and is represented by a
succession of marlstones, marly limestones, limestones and
ferroan dolostones, up to 200 m-thick. The fossil content is characteristic of a shallow-water
carbonate platform depositional environment and includes orbitolinids,
miliolids, other foraminifera, brachiopods, oysters, rudists, other molluscs and
corals (Bataller, 1958; Canérot et al.,
1982).
The underlying Pujol Florit unit is upper Aptian (Salas & Moreno, 2008; Moreno-Bedmar et al., 2009). This stratigraphic interval is a lateral equivalent of the upper part of the Benassal Formation from the Maestrat Basin (Salas & Moreno, 2008; Moreno-Bedmar et al., 2009; Bover-Arnal et al., 2016). The Pujol Florit unit is composed of a lower 20 m-thick succession of packstone to grainstone decimetric and metric beds of platform carbonates containing abundant orbitolinids and fragments of corals and rudist bivalves. Above, is a 40 m-thick alternation of marlstones with orbitolinids and brachiopods, and decimetric micritic limestone beds. The upper part of the Pujol Florit unit is characterized by a 50 m-thick alternation of marlstones with orbitolinids and micritic limestones with rudists bivalves (Salas & Moreno, 2008).
|
Figure 2: Chronostratigraphic chart for the upper Aptian, pro parte, to the upper Albian of the Salou-Garraf and Maestrat basins including the stratigraphic position of the ammonoids studied herein in the lower part of Montmell Formation and the equivalent ammonoid record from the lower part of Escucha Formation. Dashed in grey, the early Albian recognized ammonite zone Leymeriella tardefurcata. |
Review
of the two museum collections allowed the identification of: Uhligella
sp. (Fig. 3 : A1-2, C), Parengonoceras
bassei (Bataller, 1954) (Fig. 3 : D1-2, E1-2;
Fig. 4 : A1-2, B1-2), Hypacanthoplites
plesiotypicus (Fritel, 1906) (Fig. 3 : B1-2, F1-2), Hypacanthoplites
milletianus (Orbigny, 1841) (Fig. 4 : D1-2), Hypacanthoplites subelegans (Breistroffer, 1936)
(Fig. 4 :
E1-2) and Hypacanthoplites sp. (Fig. 4 : C).
The
taxon Parengonoceras bassei is well known to be restricted to the early
Albian (Martínez et al., 1994;
Bulot, 2010; Butjor,
2010). In the Traiguera and Marmellar areas
of Spain, other recent works tend to assign this species to the Leymeriella
tardefurcata Zone (Moreno-Bedmar et
al., 2008, 2009; Garcia et al.,
2014). This is the most common age assignment of this species, even thought, at least in
Tunisia, it is also present in the Douvilleiceras
mammillatum Zone (Latil, 2011). The species of the genus Hypacanthoplites
range from the late Aptian to the early Albian, disappearing during the
later part of the Leymeriella tardefurcata
Zone. The Hypacanthoplites species,
displaying flexuous ribs, belong to the late Aptian, whereas the taxa with
straight ribs belong to the early Albian (e.g.,
Amédro, 1992; Robert et al.,
2001; Rey et al., 2013). Most
of the Hypacanthoplites specimens from
the Marmellar area possess rigid costulation. In the particular case of Hypacanthoplites
milletianus, it is well established that this is an Albian taxon from the Leymeriella tardefurcata Zone (e.g.,
Peybernès, 1976; Latil, 1994; Matrion,
2010). The species Hypacanthoplites
subelegans is present in Normandy, France, also in the Leymeriella
tardefurcata Zone (Destombes et
al., 1974; Marechal, 1994). Within the species of the genus
Hypacanthoplites of the Montmell Formation, Hypacanthoplites
plesiotypicus is the only one that possesses slightly flexuous costulation
(Fig. 3 , B2). The range of this species was
reviewed in detail by Kennedy
et al. (2000: p. 601, Fig. 7),
concluding that it belonged to the late Aptian. The aforementioned authors made
a particular proposal for the boundary between the Aptian and Albian stages
where some species of the genera Leymeriella, among which L.
germanica, and Preleymeriella are included in the Aptian. These forms
are usually included in the Leymeriella tardefurcata
Zone and are considered Albian taxa. However, in the present work, we follow the
boundary location as was proposed by Reboulet et
al. (2011, 2014) which corresponds to the classical conception where the
whole Leymeriella tardefurcata Zone is
included in the Albian. When we apply Reboulet's definition, the range
of Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus is extended into the lowermost Albian. In summary, we
conclude that the
ammonite assemblage of the Montmell Formation belongs to the Leymeriella tardefurcata Zone of the standard Mediterranean ammonite
zonation of Reboulet et al.
(2014), and must be assigned without a doubt to the early Albian. This
age-assignment was previously proposed by Moreno-Bedmar et
al. (2009) and it is confirmed in the present work.
|
Figure 3: A1-2: Uhligella sp. lateral and ventral views of the specimen MGSB 10781-1, Les Ventoses, Marmellar. B1-2: Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus ventral and lateral views of the specimen MGB 21739, Marmellar. C: Uhligella sp. lateral view of the specimen MGSB 10781-2, Les Ventoses, Marmellar. D1-2: Parengonoceras bassei lateral and ventral views of the specimen MGSB 1044, Marmellar. E1-2: Parengonoceras bassei lateral and ventral views of the specimen MGB 66888, Marmellar. F1-2: Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus lateral and ventral views of the specimen MGB 20319, Marmellar. Scale bar = 1 cm. |
|
Figure 4: A1-2: Parengonoceras bassei lateral and ventral views of the holotype MGSB 11478, Marmellar. B1-2: Parengonoceras bassei lateral and ventral views of the specimen MGSB 8689, Les Ventoses, Marmellar. C: Hypacanthoplites sp. lateral view of the specimen MGSB 10762, Marmellar. D1-2: Hypacanthoplites milletianus lateral and ventral views of the specimen MGSB 11032, Marmellar. E1-2: Hypacanthoplites subelegans ventral and lateral views of the specimen MGSB 10571, Marmellar. Scale bar = 1 cm. |
Parengonoceras bassei: Casey (1961) reviewed the genus Platiknemiceras and accepted its validity; however, he also remarked that the new genus was actually similar to Parengonoceras. Recent works (Moreno-Bedmar et al., 2008, 2009; Bulot, 2010) have begun to question the validity of the genus Platiknemiceras, considering it a junior synonym of Parengonoceras. This question was analyzed in detail by Jean-Louis Latil, who established that the genus Platiknemiceras is indeed a synonym of Parengonoceras (Latil, 2011: p. 348; Latil & Aly, 2012: p. 161).
Hypacanthoplites subelegans and
Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus: these
species of Hypacanthoplites possess a
thick, wide whorl cross-section that differs from the common subrectangular compressed
whorl section of the genus. Hypacanthoplites
subelegans, Hypacanthoplites
plesiotypicus and others, like Hypacanthoplites ?
buloti Latil, 2011, have
a subrectangular to subquadrate whorl section, some of which are slightly depressed.
This difference makes the identification of these species the most difficult
taxonomic assignment of the current work. For this reason, in an initial
version of the current paper we misidentified Hypacanthoplites
plesiotypicus as Arcthoplites. Martínez
et al. (1994), made a similar mistake
for the same reason, which is the unusual wide whorl section of these Hypacanthoplites.
Among specimens of the Marmellar ammonite assemblage that is housed in the collection of
the Museo Geológico del Seminario de Barcelona, Martínez et
al. (1994) also incorrectly identified one specimen as Sonneratia subglabra, which probably corresponds to the one here
illustrated in Figure 4 : E1-2, now determined to be Hypacanthoplites subelegans. In the work of Martínez et
al. (1994), the biostratigraphic assignment of the whole assemblage to the Douvilleiceras
mammillatum Zone was caused by this misidentification, since the majority of
the Sonneratia species were restricted
to this ammonite zone (Casey, 1965).
Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus
in Traiguera, Maestrat Basin: in the work of Garcia et
al. (2014), one of the depicted ammonites was misidentified as Douvilleiceras
gr. leightonense. We reviewed this
specimen in the current work and we reassign it to Hypacanthoplites
plesiotypicus
(Fig. 5 ) because of the similar whorl section and
ornamentation pattern found in the Marmellar specimens. This misidentification
also happened because of the unusual wide whorl section of this species of Hypacanthoplites.
|
Figure 5: Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus lateral and ventral views of the specimen AC 5 (Andrés Cumba collection, La Jana, Province of Castelló, E Spain). Scale bar = 1 cm. |
The ammonite assemblage of the Montmell Formation near Marmellar, Salou-Garraf Basin, must be assigned to an early Albian age, the Leymeriella tardefurcata Zone.
The detailed taxonomic analysis of all the studied material allows the identification of the following taxa: Uhligella sp., Parengonoceras bassei, Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus, Hypacanthoplites milletianus, Hypacanthoplites subelegans, and Hypacanthoplites sp. The complete ammonoid assemblage is illustrated for the first time.
Identification of Hypacanthoplites plesiotypicus and Hypacanthoplites subelegans, constitutes the most challenging taxonomic issue, because these species possess a characteristic wide whorl section, an unusual trait among the species of the genus Hypacanthoplites.
The current work is a step forward in the chronostratigraphic knowledge of the Salou-Garraf Basin by means of age-calibration of the lower part of the Montmell Formation.
This study was supported by the projects PAPIIT IA104715 (DGAPA, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), the Grup de Recerca Reconegut per la Generalitat de Catalunya 2014 SGR 251 "Geologia Sedimentària" and CGL2015-69805-P (MINECO, FEDER, EU). We appreciate the help of Dr. Jaume Gallemí and Dr. Vicent Vicedo for providing access to the ammonites of the Marmellar area that are housed in the Museu de Geologia de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. We appreciate the assistance and access to facilities to review the ammonites of the Marmellar area by Dr. Sebastián Calzada, director of the Museo Geológico del Seminario de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. We are also very grateful to Robert W. Scott for linguistic corrections.
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